城市快速路交通拥堵形成、传播规律及消散控制策略研究

发布时间：2018-01-08 20:28

本文关键词：城市快速路交通拥堵形成、传播规律及消散控制策略研究　出处：《西南交通大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：城市交通拥堵已经成为备受关注的世界性问题,为了缓解和预防日益严重的城市交通拥堵,国内许多大中城市陆续进行快速路网的设计、规划、修建及运营。然而,快速路系统应当具备的通畅、快速、舒适的优点正在消失,交通拥堵时有发生,特别是机动车高峰期处处可见,快速路系统交通流濒临全面饱和的状态,由此不仅导致巨大的直接经济损失,还往往伴随难以量化的间接损失包括环境恶化、能源浪费、交通安全等。研究城市快速路系统交通拥堵问题已经刻不容缓,关系到城市的可持续发展性。然而,已有的研究成果难以准确模拟和解释快速路系统拥堵现象的形成及传播过程,预防和解决其拥堵问题具有明显的盲目性。因此,揭示城市快速路拥堵机理,研究城市快速路系统的消散控制策略和方法,是解决当前城市交通拥堵问题的重要基础性工作之一。本论文利用改进的元胞传输模型和动态随机交通流分配理论研究了城市快速路交通拥堵传播规律,并探讨其消散控制策略。具体来说,论文的研究内容主要包含以下几个方面：(1)分析城市快速路交通流特性,拟合交通参数。从快速路系统特点及其双重交通特征方面总结分析,在交通流基本图理论及三相交通流理论基础上,分析了成都城市快速路交通流特性,并拟合出基本交通参数,为建立仿真环境研究城市快速路拥堵问题奠定基础。(2)提出考虑迟滞现象的可变元胞传输模型。在Daganzo元胞传输模型中,引入元胞的交通流密度和元胞的长度两个参数描述元胞状态,克服了元胞长度必须相等的局限性,建立了可变元胞传输模型(VCTM),对基本段、合流段和分流段三种不同元胞连接方式建立了元胞交通流传输关系式。在此基础上,将考虑迟滞现象的流量-密度关系取代模型的简单线性流量-密度关系,进一步扩展了模型的适用性,提出考虑迟滞现象的可变元胞传输模型,建立了适用于城市快速路系统的交通流理论分析工具。在分析几种常见的交通拥堵评价指标的基础上,构建的基于元胞传输模型的交通拥堵评价指标体系。算例分析表明,本文考虑迟滞现象的VCTM模型可以基本准确的模拟城市快速路系统的交通流动态特性,从而为进一步的研究城市快速路交通拥堵机理提供模型基础。(3)利用改进型CTM模型研究了城市快速路路段突发事件下交通拥堵传播规律及消散策略。针对城市快速路中突发交通事件引起通行能力下降这一典型的交通现象,在改进VCTM模型和拥堵评价指标体系基础之上,利用计算机仿真技术定量分析了道路的交通需求、通行能力受突发交通事件影响的严重程度以及事件的延迟时间等因素对交通拥堵形成和传播规律的影响。并在此基础上,分析上述几种不同影响因素下的交通恢复时间与事件延迟时间之间的定量关系,为城市快速路无进出口匝道基本路段制定合理的拥堵消散控制策略。(4)利用改进型CTM模型研究了城市快速路路段匝道控制下拥堵传播规律及消散控制策略。针对城市快速路典型路段上匝道间距、匝道布局及控制方法对城市快速路拥堵传播规律的影响进行研究。以此为基础,建立CTM算例模型,按照不同的匝道情况,将城市快速路分为不同的匝道间距、不同的匝道布局、匝道口处有无控制三类情形,对城市快速路拥堵传播规律和消散控制策略进行定量分析。(5)动态交通流分配及快速路网络拥堵传播规律。本章旨在运用动态交通流分配技术对快速路路网拥堵传播规律进行了探讨。首先结合静态交通流理论基本概念,指出本文中的动态交通分配思想是在动态用户最优的基础上展开的,通过对比静态交通流分配理论和动态交通流分配理论,得出研究动态交通流分配理论的必要性和紧迫性。从分析城市交通拥挤的特性和机理的角度出发,结合准动态交通流分配理论和改进型CTM模型,设计适合突发事件下的网络动态交通分配方法。结合仿真算例,针对突发交通事件下造成拥堵的形成及消散的过程中阻抗的变化导致整个路网交通流配流结果的变化进行仿真研究,从而实现动态交通流分配过程,并基于此探讨了城市快速路网络拥堵传播规律。最后,论文就下一步的研究方向进行了讨论和展望。
[Abstract]:City traffic congestion has become a worldwide problem of concern, in order to alleviate and prevent the city traffic congestion is becoming increasingly serious, many domestic large and medium-sized city have rapid road network planning, design, construction and operation. However, the expressway system should be smooth, fast, comfortable advantages are disappearing, traffic jams occur, especially is the vehicle peak everywhere, expressway traffic flow system is fully saturated, thus not only caused huge economic losses, but also often accompanied by indirect losses are difficult to quantify. The deterioration of the environment, waste of energy, traffic safety and so on. The problem of the city expressway system, traffic congestion has been urgent, related to the sustainable development of the city. However the existing research results, it is difficult to accurately simulate and explain the congestion of expressway system and propagation process, prevention of reconciliation To solve the congestion problem has obvious blindness. Therefore, revealing the city freeway congestion dissipation mechanism, control strategies and methods for the study of city expressway system, is one of the important basis of solving the city traffic congestion problem. The improved cell transmission model and dynamic stochastic traffic assignment theory to study the propagation law of City Expressway traffic congestion in this paper, and discuss the dissipation control strategies. Specifically, the main contents of this paper include the following aspects: (1) analysis on traffic characteristics of city expressway traffic flow, fitting parameters. From the aspect of expressway system characteristics and double traffic characteristics analysis, the fundamental diagram of traffic flow theory and the three-phase traffic flow theory based on Chengdu City, analyzes the expressway traffic flow characteristics, and fit the basic traffic parameters, we set up the simulation environment of city fast road congestion To lay the foundation. (2) proposed a variable cell transmission model considering the hysteresis phenomenon in Daganzo cell transmission model, the cellular traffic flow density and the length of the two cellular parameters describe the cellular state, overcomes the limitation of cellular length must be equal, a variable cell transmission model (VCTM), the basic section, the confluence of three different cellular and shunt connections established some cellular traffic flow transmission relation. On this basis, the relationship between the simple linear flow model - density relationship will replace Considering Hysteresis flow density, further extending the applicability of the model. This variable cell transmission model considering the hysteresis phenomenon, the theoretical analysis tool of traffic flow is established. The city expressway system based on traffic congestion index analysis of several common, based on the construction of the cell transmission model of the traffic congestion The evaluation index system. The example analysis shows that the VCTM model considering the hysteresis can simulate the dynamic characteristics of city expressway system basic accurate traffic flow, so as to provide a model for the study of city traffic congestion mechanism further. (3) studied by city freeway road section under Emergency Traffic Congestion Propagation and dissipation strategy improvement type CTM model. According to the traffic incident caused by the traffic capacity of Expressway in the city this fall in a typical traffic phenomenon in the improvement of evaluation index system based on the VCTM model and the congestion, the use of computer simulation technology, quantitative analysis of the road traffic demand, influence and propagation capacity affected by traffic incident severity and events. The delay time of traffic congestion is formed. Based on the analysis of the different influencing factors The quantitative relationship between the traffic time and event time delayed recovery, as the city expressway ramp without basic road jam formulate reasonable control strategy. (4) studied by ramp under the control of Congestion Propagation Rules and control strategies to dissipate city freeway road section of improved CTM model. According to the typical section of city expressway on ramp distance. To study the effects of ramp layout and control method of propagation of city freeway congestion. On this basis, the establishment of CTM model example, according to the different ramp, the city expressway is divided into different ramp spacing, different ramp layout, there is no exit ramp control of three kinds of circumstances, for the quantitative analysis of city expressway Congestion Propagation and dissipation control strategies. (5) the dynamic traffic assignment and expressway network congestion propagation. This chapter aims at the application of dynamic traffic assignment The technology has carried on the discussion to the propagation of expressway network congestion. Firstly, the basic concept of streaming theory combined with the static traffic, this paper points out the idea of dynamic traffic assignment is carried on based on the dynamic user optimal allocation theory, and the dynamic traffic assignment theory by comparing the static traffic flow, the necessity and urgency of the research on dynamic traffic assignment theory. On the basis of the analysis of the characteristics and mechanism of traffic congestion in the city's point of view, combined with the quasi dynamic traffic assignment theory and the improved CTM model, designed for dynamic network traffic emergency distribution method. A simulation example, the impedance change process for traffic incident caused by the formation and dissipation of congestion lead changes in the network traffic flow assignment result of simulation, so as to realize the dynamic traffic assignment process, and discussed the city fast In the end, the research direction of the next step is discussed and prospected.

【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491

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