交通运输线性工程施工进度计划编制及优化方法研究

发布时间：2018-01-09 22:32

本文关键词：交通运输线性工程施工进度计划编制及优化方法研究　出处：《北京交通大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：以线性、重复性为本质特征,以铁路、公路、管道等交通运输工程为典型代表的线性工程,在建设工程领域占有相当大的比重。越来越多的研究表明了传统的网络计划方法在线性工程上应用时的不适用性。在这种背景下,线性计划技术凭借其在线性工程上应用时所具有的一系列的独特优势,得到了学术界越来越多的关注,而其中最为重要的一类计划方法则是线性计划方法。虽然线性计划方法自提出至今已有几十年的时间,但受之前网络计划方法广泛应用的影响,线性计划方法近20年才引起学术界足够的重视,这导致了该方法理论体系不够丰满,制约了其在线性工程进度计划编制及优化间题中的应用。当前,线性计划方法自身的缺陷主要体现在以下两点：1)线性计划方法框架下活动间逻辑关系描述方法尚未得到明确提出。而相比于网络计划方法,活动间逻辑关系的描述能力正是使网络计划方法得到广泛应用的核心功能；2)相对于建设工程进度计划编制及优化问题通常所包含的3类经典约束,即逻辑约束、工期约束、资源约束,当前学术界所提出的线性计划方法框架下的进度计划编制及优化约束仅限于逻辑约束及工期约束,且这两类约束尚不够完善。而线性计划方法这种自身的不完善性则导致了基于该方法而展开的线性工程进度计划编制及优化研究均具有比较明显的不足,如对资源约束、多资源优化、处理特殊活动、进度计划调整优化等能力的缺失,以及不能很好的用于解决资源分配、时间-费用权衡优化问题等。为了使线性计划方法能够更好的应用于线性工程进度计划编制及优化问题,本文主要围绕三个方面展开研究：一是针对线性计划方法框架下时速差、活动间逻辑关系以及约束体系等核心问题的研究,二是在线性计划方法的基础上进行的优化模型的构建,三是基于线性计划方法的进度控制模型及进度控制系统的构建以及在此基础上对优化模型的验证。围绕线性计划方法的几个核心问题,首先,本研究提出了线性计划方法框架下时速差的概念,明确了第二类时速差(LFloat-2)的概念、提出了第三类时速差(LFloat-3)的概念,将线性计划方法框架下速率差(Rate Float,本文中记为LFloat-1)这一概念丰富和发展成为了3类时速差。其次,提出了针对线性计划方法的进度计划编制及优化问题(模型)的19个评价指标,并在此基础上对以往基于线性计划方法的进度计划编制及优化研究成果进行了对比分析。第三,本研究分24种情形给出了线性计划方法的框架下活动间逻辑关系的描述方法,可以实现线性计划方法框架下活动间任意时空关系的描述。线性计划方法框架下活动间逻辑关系描述的实现,是基于线性计划方法的各类优化研究的基础,也使得线性计划方法真正成为了独立于传统网络计划方法的一种全新的、适用于线性工程的进度计划方法。第四,在活动间逻辑约束的基础上,本研究进一步提出了由8类约束所组成的,基于线性计划方法的进度计划编制及优化约束体系。在逻辑关系描述及约束体系的基础上,本研究构建了基于线性计划方法的进度计划编制及优化模型(LSM-SOM)。借助于本研究所构建的线型活动施工模式三元组(LPL-Mode)及块型活动施工模式三元组(LPB-Mode)、约束体系以及决策变量的设置等所具有的灵活性和实用性,该模型能够覆盖本研究所提出的19个优化指标所对应的优化能力,具有较强的实用性和灵活性。例如,LSM-SOM实现了线性计划方法框架下基于变速率的、基于资源约束的以及基于多资源的进度计划编制及优化等。进一步的,由于LPL-Mode、LPB-Mode施工模式三元组所带来的各类优化问题的交叉和融合,使得LSM-SOM可以在一类优化问题中同时考虑多种优化问题的优化目标,实用性大大增强。基于LSM-SOM优化模型以及本研究所提出的三类时速差,在引入不同优化策略的基础上,本研究构建了5个LSM-SOM优化模型的变种,包括基于多目标优化策略的多目标优化模型、基于关键路径的两阶段优化模型、基于变速率优化策略的变速率优化模型等。优化策略的引入及模型变种的构建,进一步增强了LSM-SOM优化模型的实用性和灵活性以及所得解的优越性。最后,本研究构建了基于线性计划方法的线性工程进度控制模型(LPSCM)及进度控制系统(LPSCS).借助于LPSCS以及以往几个经典研究中采用的三个交通运输建设工程实际案例,通过18个优化场景的设定,将LSM-SOM和以往研究成果在1)采用相同数据及约束、2)采用相同数据及更强约束的条件下进行了对比。对18个场景的优化结果进行所进行的对比分析,充分说明了本研究成果相比于以往研究成果在灵活性、实用性以及解的优越性上所具有的优势。
[Abstract]:In a linear, repetitive nature, railway, highway, linear engineering pipeline transportation engineering as a typical representative, occupies a large proportion in the construction engineering field. More and more studies show that the applicability of traditional network planning methods in the linear engineering. In this context, linear the plan has technology with its application in linear engineering when a series of unique advantages, get more and more attention in academic circles, and one of the most important methods for a class of plans is a linear planning method.
Although the linear planning method has been proposed for decades since the time, but the effect is widely used by the prior network planning method, linear planning method for nearly 20 years did not cause enough attention, which leads to the theoretical system of this method is not full, which restricts the application of the online project schedule planning and optimization problems in at present, the defects of linear planning method is mainly reflected in the following two points: 1) the logical relationship between activities under the framework of linear planning method description method has not been clearly presented. Compared to the network planning method, the logical relationship between activities is the ability to describe the network planning method has been widely used in the core function; 2) compared with 3 classical constrained problem construction project schedule planning and optimization usually contains the logical constraints, time constraints, resource constraints, linear current academic circles proposed Schedule planning and optimization constraint planning method under the framework of the only logic constraint and time constraint, and the two kinds of constraints is still not perfect. And the linear scheduling method this own is not perfect in developed based on the method of linear project schedule and optimization has obvious shortcoming, such as the resource constraints, resource optimization, special activities, lack of schedule optimization ability, and not very good for solving the resource allocation, time cost tradeoff optimization problem.
In order to make the linear scheduling method can be better applied in the linear engineering schedule planning and optimization problems, this paper focuses on three aspects: one is for the speed difference of linear planning method under the framework of the research activities of the logical relationship between the core problem and constraint system, two is to build optimization model based on linear planning method on the three, is based on the linear planning method in schedule control model and schedule control system and on the basis of the optimization model.
Several core issues around the linear plan method. Firstly, this study proposes the concept of speed difference under the framework of linear planning method, clear the second types of speed difference (LFloat-2) concept, puts forward third kinds of speed difference (LFloat-3) concept, the linear planning method under the frame rate difference (Rate Float, this paper referred to as LFloat-1) the concept of enrichment and development have become 3 speed difference. Secondly, put forward the plan and Optimization for the linear planning method (model) of the 19 evaluation indexes, and on the basis of the previous linear planning method in scheduling and Optimization Based on the research results are compared and analyzed. Third, describe the method logic framework of this study are presented for 24 cases of linear planning method under the activity, can realize linear planning method under the framework of the relationship between time and space activities of arbitrary linear meter. The logic relationship description method for drawing under the framework of activities, is the research on the optimization of various linear scheduling method based on the linear planning method has truly become independent of the traditional network planning method is a new, suitable for scheduling method of linear engineering. Fourth, based on logical constraints between activities. This study further put forward by 8 kinds of constraints of scheduling and optimization planning method based on linear constraint system.
Based on the logic relationship description and constraint system, this study constructs a schedule planning and optimization model based on linear scheduling method (LSM-SOM). By means of the construction in this study the construction mode of linear three tuple (LPL-Mode) and block type construction mode of three yuan Group (LPB-Mode), which has the constraint system and the decision variable settings such as flexibility and practicability, this model can optimize the capacity corresponding to 19 optimization indexes covering the proposed, has strong practicability and flexibility. For example, LSM-SOM is realized based on linear strain rate under the plan method framework, resource constraints and multiple resource scheduling the preparation and Optimization Based on LPL-Mode. Further, the LPB-Mode construction mode, three tuples brought by all kinds of optimization problems and cross fusion, making the LSM-SOM in a class of optimization problems At the same time, the optimization goal of a variety of optimization problems is considered, and the practicability is greatly enhanced.
LSM-SOM optimization model and three kinds of speed is proposed in this study based on the difference, based on the introduction of different optimization strategies, this research constructs 5 LSM-SOM optimization model variants, including multi-objective optimization model of multi-objective optimization strategy based on the two stage of the critical path optimization model based on variable rate optimization strategy of variable rate based on the optimization model. Optimization strategy introduction and construction of model variants, and further enhance the superiority of LSM-SOM optimization model is practical and flexible and the solutions.
Finally, this study constructs a linear schedule control model based on linear scheduling method (LPSCM) and process control system (LPSCS). With the help of three transportation construction project case used in LPSCS as well as in the past several classic research, through 18 optimization of scene setting, the LSM-SOM and the previous research results in 1) using the same data and constraints, 2) with the constraint of the same data and stronger conditions were compared. The comparative analysis of the 18 scene optimization results are carried out, the results of this study shows that compared to the previous research results in flexibility, practicality and advantages have superiority on the solution.

【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U175;U215;U415

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