车辆自组织网络高效信道接入控制机制研究

发布时间：2018-01-10 15:09

本文关键词：车辆自组织网络高效信道接入控制机制研究　出处：《山东大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：车辆自组织网络(Vehicular Ad Hoc Network, VANET)作为移动自组织网络(Ad-Hoc Network)的最新应用领域,在智能交通系统(Intelligent Transportation System, ITS)中的重要性日益显现。在VANET中,车载单元(On Board Unit, OBU)以自组织方式动态组网,实现了彼此之间信息的实时交互。同时,OBU也可以通过路边单元(Roadside Unit, RSU)与远程用户、交通管理中心、互联网和3G/4G移动电话网络进行通信。VANET对于提高智能交通系统的安全性、舒适性,以及交通管理效率具有十分重要的意义。颁布于2010年的车辆环境无线接入(Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments, WAVE)标准,对在智能交通系统中传输交通管理信息和应用信息分别制定了不同的分层体系结构和协议栈。IEEE 802.11p协议属于WAVE中媒体接入控制(Media Access Control, MAC)层和物理层(Physics Layer, PHY)的子协议,在无线信道划分和通信方式等方面对VANET进行了规范。在5.850GHz-5.925GHz频率范围内划分了一个控制信道(Control Channel, CCH)和六个服务信道(Service Channels, SCHs)供VANET使用,通信方式采用正交频分复用(Orthogonal frequency Division Multiplexing, OFDM)技术。其中,CCH用来传输与交通安全有关的控制信息,SCHs用来传输其它各类应用信息。由于IEEE 802.11p VANET采用了多信道复用技术,信道接入控制机制对于协调各信道的工作,提高信息传输效率具有重要的作用。论文基于IEEE 802.11p协议标准,研究不同交通环境下VANET的高效信道接入控制机制。主要内容如下：论文首先阐述了课题的研究目的与意义,然后介绍了车辆自组织网络的体系结构和IEEE 802.11p协议,以及车辆自组织网络的发展趋势和应用前景。在此基础上,讨论了车辆自组织网络的研究现状和热点问题,重点分析了与课题相关的VANET在信道接入控制方面的研究工作。提出了一种基于动态队列管理算法的增强分布信道接入(Enhanced Distributed Channel Access, EDCA)改进协议,通过对不同接入类型(Access Category, AC)的数据帧传输时延进行检测与估计,实现了优先级队列的动态管理,使数据帧的队列分配能够自适应各队列的负载状况和通信质量。提出了一种基于随机竞争方式的VANET信道接入控制机制(Contention-Based Channel Access Control, CBCAC),在控制信道和服务信道上划分了两类数据帧优先级,将基于动态队列管理算法的EDCA改进协议应用于信道的接入控制。同时,针对服务信道提出了一种信道预约算法,可以根据服务信道的通信质量和业务量实时调整信道预约概率。分析表明,所提方案在网络负载较轻时具有较好的性能。针对高密度VANET,提出了一种基于时分复用的信道协同方案(Time Division Multiplexing Channel Coordination, TDMCC),可以根据网络的工作条件动态调整控制信道和服务信道的接入时间,并在服务信道接入期引入了无竞争的时分复用信道分配方式。在网络负载较重时,该方案能够保证控制信道的传输效率,同时也兼顾了服务信道的吞吐量。研究了车辆自组织网络控制信道信息安全传输机制。提出了一种基于动态带宽分配算法的VANET身份认证方案,并采用非对称加密算法、基于不确定推理的信任度检测算法、混沌加扰和跳频通信技术进一步提高了控制信道信息传输的安全性与可靠性。对IEEE 802.11p协议的物理层标准进行了剖析,给出了实现物理层协议的完整通信方案,并针对基于动态带宽分配算法的控制信道信息安全传输机制设计了相应的物理层通信系统。最后,在MATLAB中构建仿真模型测试了物理层的通信性能。论文最后对所做的工作进行了总结。讨论了课题需进一步解决的问题及后续工作的重点和难点,并对课题今后的研究思路进行了展望。
[Abstract]:Vehicle self-organizing network (Vehicular Ad Hoc Network, VANET) as mobile ad hoc network (Ad-Hoc Network) the latest applications in Intelligent Transportation Systems (Intelligent Transportation, System, ITS) in the increasingly important. In VANET, the on-board unit (On Board Unit, OBU) with self-organizing dynamic network to realize the real-time information interaction between each other. At the same time, OBU also by the roadside unit (Roadside Unit RSU) and remote users, traffic management center, the Internet and 3G/4G mobile phone network communication.VANET to improve security, intelligent traffic system comfort and has very important significance and the efficiency of traffic management. Vehicle environment wireless access issued in 2010 (Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments, WAVE), on the transmission of traffic management information and application of information in intelligent transportation system. Developed a different hierarchical architecture and protocol stack of.IEEE 802.11p protocol is WAVE media access control (Media Access Control, MAC) and physical layer (Physics, Layer, PHY) of the sub protocols in wireless channel partition and communication mode were the norm for VANET. In the frequency range of 5.850GHz-5.925GHz into a the control channel (Control Channel, CCH) and six service channel (Service Channels, SCHs) for the use of VANET communication using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (Orthogonal frequency Division Multiplexing OFDM) technology. Among them, CCH is used to control the transmission of information concerning traffic safety, SCHs used to transmit all kinds of other information. Due to the IEEE application 802.11p VANET uses multi channel multiplexing, channel access control mechanism for the coordination of each channel, it is important to improve the efficiency of information transmission based on IE. The EE 802.11p protocol, efficient channel access control mechanism of different traffic environment of VANET. The main contents are as follows: firstly, the purpose and significance of the subject, and then introduces the IEEE architecture and 802.11p protocol for vehicular ad hoc networks, as well as the development trend of vehicle self-organizing network and application prospect. On this basis, discuss the research status and hot issues of vehicular ad hoc networks, analyzes the issues associated with the VANET in the channel access control research work. This paper proposed an enhanced distributed channel access dynamic queue management algorithm based on (Enhanced Distributed Channel Access EDCA) protocol, through different types of access (Access Category. AC) data frame transmission delay estimation and detection, to achieve the dynamic management of the priority queue, the data frame queue allocation to To adapt to the load status and the communication quality of each queue. Proposes a VANET channel access control mechanism based on random competition (Contention-Based Channel Access Control, CBCAC), the control channel and service channel is divided into two categories of data frame priority access protocol used in channel dynamic queue management algorithm based on EDCA control. At the same time, in view of the service channel presents a channel reservation algorithm, according to the service quality of communication channel and traffic real-time adjustment of channel reservation probability. The results show that the proposed scheme, the load is light and has better performance in the network. For the high density of VANET, this paper proposes a collaborative scheme of channel time division multiplexing based on the (Time Division Multiplexing Channel Coordination, TDMCC), according to the working conditions of the dynamic adjustment of network access time control channel and service channel, And the introduction of TDM channel distribution mode without competition in the service channel access. When network load is heavy, the scheme can ensure the transmission efficiency of the control channel, while also taking into account the service channel throughput of vehicular ad hoc network control channel information security transmission mechanism. This paper proposes a VANET authentication scheme the dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm based on the non symmetric encryption algorithm, uncertain reasoning trust detection algorithm based on Chaotic Scrambling and frequency hopping communication technology to further improve the safety and reliability of the control information transmission channel. The physical layer of IEEE standard 802.11p protocol is analyzed, given the complete communication scheme of physical layer according to the agreement, and the design of physical layer communication system the corresponding control channel information transmission mechanism based on dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm. Finally, in MA The simulation model is built in TLAB to test the communication performance of the physical layer. Finally, the paper summarizes the work done, discusses the problems that need further solution, and the key points and difficulties of the follow-up work, and looks forward to the future research ideas of the subject.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U463.67;U495

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