重庆道路系统低影响开发（LID）规划设计和应用研究

发布时间：2018-01-11 22:01

本文关键词：重庆道路系统低影响开发（LID）规划设计和应用研究　出处：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：城市化进程不断加快,城市发展蒸蒸日上,城市面貌在发生天翻地覆的转变的同时,原有土壤、植被等自然土地下垫面逐渐被替代,取而代之的是大量钢筋混凝土筑成的城市灰色基础设施。城市下垫面的改变导致城市不透水表面增加,雨水径流系数加大,降雨资源不能及时有效的渗透补给地下水,雨水径流量增多,峰值流量增大,污染严重,洪涝灾害频发。城市道路系统作为城市主要下垫面之一,占地面积大,使用频率高,道路雨水问题亟待解决。低影响开发作为一种新型生态雨洪管理理念,城市道路系统的低影响开发建设具有一定的可行性和必要性,且具有诸多建设优势和特点,将成为城市道路系统生态可持续发展建设的趋势,目前针对重庆道路系统低影响开发建设的研究则相对较少,尤其是从规划设计与应用角度的研究较为匮乏。本文对重庆道路系统低影响开发研究建设背景进行了简要的阐述,阐明了城市道路系统雨洪管理问题及道路系统低影响开发建设的发展契机、可行性、迫切性和必要性;对重庆道路及其排水系统发展建设,低影响开发理念及国内外相关理论和实践研究现状进行了基本概述,为重庆道路系统低影响开发建设提供学习借鉴。以重庆降雨和坡度特征为研究的出发点,选择出适用于重庆道路系统的生物滞留带、生态树池、下凹式绿地、透水铺装和植草沟等低影响开发设施,对其在重庆道路特征条件下的结构参数和调整建设进行了重点研究,确定各设施不同结构层的厚度,并分别从土壤、植物、坡度等方面给出各设施的建设建议,为重庆道路系统低影响开发规划设计和应用提供了参考依据;研究重庆道路周边雨水调蓄设施的选择和建设,补充和完善重庆道路系统低影响开发建设。调查了重庆市主城区651个道路路段,根据道路规划设计规范要求,从城市雨洪管理的角度,结合重庆各类道路路侧有无绿化分隔带和行道树列的表现特征,将重庆快速路和主干路、次干路、支路划分为不同的形式(三种类型七种形式),使重庆道路系统低影响开发规划设计更适应重庆道路特征和建设现状,研究针对性更强;结合规范要求和现状调查,将重庆道路坡度划分为0.5%—3.0%,3.0%—6.0%和大于6.0%三个范围,并论述了不同坡度对道路雨水径流和低影响开发设施建设的影响,坡度的增加造成雨水径流速度的增大,对设施表层造成一定的冲刷。总结借鉴已有道路系统低影响开发建设的经验和不足,结合重庆道路水文分析,提出与重庆不同道路形式相对应的低影响开发规划布局模式,充分利用道路人行道规划透水下垫面,利用绿化空间建设低影响开发设施,并对重庆道路系统低影响开发建设各部分之间的衔接关系进行了研究,各部分之间通过雨水漫流、集中汇流和适当引流进行有效衔接,合理的规划布局模式可在今后重庆道路系统低影响开发建设中借鉴应用。对重庆道路系统低影响开发设施的设计规模进行研究,确定了各设施公式演算和模型模拟相结合的设计方法,在重庆不同形式道路低影响开发设施的设计计算中加以应用,确定各道路低影响开发设施的设计规模,人行道铺设透水铺装,其它低影响开发设施则根据设计降雨目标和雨水径流量合理确定规模,并对其在不同降雨条件下的雨水径流处理能力进行模拟,计算方法的结合应用为低影响开发设施研究提供了更为严谨、精确的设计方法,明确了重庆道路系统低影响开发设施的设计规模,验证了其良好的雨水径流处理能力和对不同降雨的应对能力。解读悦来新城的规划背景和基础概况,选取适当的片区进行场地分析,确定建设目标,悦来新城道路雨水径流处理能力应达到年径流总量控制率的80%,尽量恢复自然状态下的水文状况。对片区内主要道路及其低影响开发建设现状进行调查,评价总结现状建设的效果和存在的不足。在现状建设条件允许的情况下,将文章理论关于重庆道路系统低影响开发设施的调整建设、规划布局模式和设计规模的研究应用于悦来新城道路系统低影响开发建设,并对其建设效果进行了模拟和讨论,合理的规划设计使悦来新城道路系统低影响开发建设雨水径流处理能力进一步提升,景观效果进一步加强,为重庆道路系统低影响开发规划设计建设提供了借鉴参考,形成良好的试点建设示范区。研究为重庆道路系统低影响开发规划设计建设提供了合理准确的方法,表明了研究和建设的可行性,得出更适应重庆道路特征的低影响开发设施研究、规划布局和设计规模的结论成果,形成统一的研究建设模式又具有一定的变化,可有效解决重庆道路系统雨水径流问题,展现重庆道路建设的综合效益,指导后续研究建设,并推广应用。
[Abstract]:Accelerating the process of city, city development on the upgrade, the appearance of the city changes occur in the sea at the same time, the original soil, vegetation and other natural land surface gradually replaced, it is replaced by the grey city infrastructure built a large number of reinforced concrete. The change of city underlying surface in the city increased impervious surface, increase the runoff coefficient. Groundwater resources can not be timely and effective rainfall infiltration recharge, runoff increased, the peak flow rate increases, serious pollution, frequent floods. As the city city road system the main surface of large area, high frequency of use, road rainwater problems need to be solved urgently. Low impact development as a new type of ecological stormwater management concept. City road system development and construction of low impact has certain feasibility and necessity, and has many advantages and characteristics of construction, will become the city City road system ecological sustainable development trend, the present research on low impact development and construction of the Chongqing road system is relatively small, especially from the planning design and application perspective are rare. This paper makes a brief summary on the Chongqing road system of low impact development of construction background, expounds the feasibility of city road stormwater management system the problem of low impact development and road system construction development opportunity, the urgency and necessity of development; construction of Chongqing road and drainage system, the basic overview of low impact development concept and the related theory and practice research status at home and abroad, to provide reference for the study of Chongqing road system of low impact development construction. Rainfall and slope characteristics in Chongqing as the starting point of the study, select suitable for the road system in Chongqing bioretention ecological zone, tree pool, sunken green space, permeable pavement and Grass ditch low impact development facilities, the structure parameters in Chongqing road characteristic conditions and adjust the construction of key research facilities to determine the different structure layer thickness, and separately from the soil, plants, and other aspects of the slope infrastructure construction, provides the reference for Chongqing road system of low impact development design and application research; Chongqing road choice and surrounding the construction of rainwater storage facilities, to supplement and improve the road system in Chongqing. The investigation of low impact development and construction in urban district of Chongqing City Road 651, road planning according to the design requirements, from city stormwater management perspective, combined with the Chongqing side of the road is all kinds of features green walls and trees of columns, the Chongqing Expressway and trunk road, secondary road branch, divided into different forms (three types of seven forms, the Chongqing road system) Influence of development planning and design to adapt to the characteristics and actuality of Chongqing road construction, research more targeted; combined with the specification and present situation investigation, the Chongqing road slope is divided into 0.5% - 3%, 3% - 6% and 6% greater than three, and discusses the different slope runoff and low impact development facilities influence on the road rainwater. The slope of the increase caused by rain runoff velocity, caused a certain degree of erosion on the surface. Summarizing the existing road facilities construction system of low impact development and lack of experience, combined with the Chongqing road hydrological analysis, corresponding with different Chongqing road form of low impact development planning and layout mode, make full use of road pavement planning pervious surface. The green space construction of low impact development facilities, and the connection relationship between Chongqing road system of low impact development construction of each part of each part, Through rain flow, concentrate and proper drainage effectively, reasonable layout mode can be applied in the future Chongqing road system of low impact development construction. Research design scale of road system in Chongqing low impact development facilities, the design method of each facility calculus formulas and model simulation combined with the application in the design and calculation of Chongqing in different forms of road of low impact development facilities, designed to determine the size of the road of low impact development facilities, laying the pavement permeable pavement, other low impact development facilities according to the design goals and the rainfall runoff reasonably determine the scale, and the different rainfall conditions of rainwater runoff treatment capacity is simulated combined with the application of calculation methods for the research and development of facilities of low impact provides a more rigorous design method, accurate, clear Chongqing Road The scale of road design system of low impact development facilities, verify its good processing capacity and runoff for different rainfall response ability. The background and basis of the planning of Wyatt to Newcastle, selecting the appropriate area for site analysis, determine the construction goal of Metro Yue Lai road runoff treatment capacity should reach the total annual runoff control the rate of 80%, to restore the hydrological conditions under natural conditions. To investigate the development present situation of the construction of the main road area and low impact, lack of summing up the current situation of construction effect and evaluation. In the current situation of the construction permit conditions, the article will adjust the construction theory on Chongqing road system of low impact development facilities, planning and layout model and design scale is applied to the study of Yuelai Metro Road System of low impact development construction, and the construction was simulated and discussed, reasonable The planning and design of the panda Metro Road System of low impact development and construction of rainwater runoff treatment capacity to further enhance the landscape effect to further strengthen, provides a reference for the road system in Chongqing low impact development planning design and construction, form a good pilot demonstration area. The research provides a reasonably accurate method for the Chongqing road system planning design and construction of low impact development that indicates the feasibility study and construction, get more adaptation of low impact development facilities in Chongqing road features, layout and design of the size of the conclusion results, the formation of a unified research construction mode has certain change, can effectively solve the problem of Chongqing road system of rainwater runoff, show the comprehensive benefits of Chongqing road construction, construction further research and application.

【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U417.3;TU992

【参考文献】