硬岩掘进机（TBM）的动力学分析与振动控制

发布时间：2018-01-14 09:05

本文关键词：硬岩掘进机（TBM）的动力学分析与振动控制　出处：《上海交通大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：硬岩掘进机(TBM)是隧道掘进的重大装备,广泛应用于铁路、公路、水利、市政建设等。TBM推进系统机械结构主要包括刀盘、主梁、后支撑、鞍架和撑靴等。TBM利用刀盘旋转实现破岩掘进,出渣的同时进行隧道支护,使隧道全断面一次成形。TBM在掘进作业时滚刀破岩产生的强冲击激励会引起推进系统的剧烈振动,从而严重影响工作效率。为了研究TBM推进系统的振动特性,在隧道掘进现场对TBM的振动进行了测量并对TBM模型样机进行了动力学分析。通过现场测试的结果可以看出,TBM推进系统在整个工作过程中振动剧烈,主梁各自由度振动之间存在耦合且振动能量集中于低频带范围。在TBM的动力学分析中,本文考虑了推进、支撑、导轨约束等环节,引入了液压缸、铰链的等效刚度,建立了推进系统导轨导向、撑靴支撑和护盾支承的等效刚度模型。利用位移法结合矢量运算规则建立推进系统的整机动力学模型。对某硬岩掘进机模型样机推进系统的振动特性分析表明,推进缸刚度减小引起主梁纵向振动频率的降低,前三阶固有频率十分接近,TBM主系统在各自由度的振动之间存在较严重耦合。分析结果与现场测试结果较为吻合,同时也为TBM推进系统的抑振设计提供技术支撑。为降低TBM推进系统的振动水平,根据现场测试与理论分析的结果,提出利用动力吸振器对TBM系统的振动进行抑制的方案。传统动力吸振器必须要有足够的附加质量才能达到良好的吸振效果,然而,TBM系统质量巨大且安装空间有限,吸振器的附加质量很难做到足够大。为此,本文提出应用杠杆机构来实现放大吸振器的附加质量的方案,并设计了适用于TBM推进系统的动力吸振器。通过单自由度弹簧质量-动力吸振器动力学建模分析,得到系统的频率响应函数,进而利用定点理论求得吸振器的最优同调条件与最优阻尼条件。最后建立TBM系统-动力吸振器的动力学模型,得到系统在各自由度上的频响函数,分别以单自由度振动幅值和两自由度上的振动幅值为目标函数,采用全局-梯度混合优化算法,对安装于TBM系统上的吸振器进行参数优化。结果表明,动力吸振器对TBM系统的振动具有很好的控制效果。
[Abstract]:TBM (hard Rock tunneling Machine) is a major equipment for tunneling. It is widely used in railway, highway, water conservancy, municipal construction and so on. The mechanical structure of TBM propulsion system mainly includes cutter head, main beam and rear support. Saddle frame and bracing boots. TBM uses the rotation of cutter head to carry out the excavation of broken rock and to carry on the tunnel support while the slag is coming out at the same time. The strong shock excitation caused by hob breaking rock in tunneling operation will cause the strong vibration of the propulsion system when the whole section of the tunnel is formed at one time. In order to study the vibration characteristics of TBM propulsion system. The vibration of TBM is measured at the tunnel excavation site and the dynamic analysis of TBM model prototype is carried out. The vibration of TBM propulsion system is intense during the whole working process, and the vibration energy is concentrated in the low frequency band. In the dynamic analysis of TBM, propulsion is considered in this paper. The equivalent stiffness of hydraulic cylinder and hinge is introduced and the guide guide of propulsion system is established. The equivalent stiffness model of boot brace and shield support. The dynamic model of propulsion system is established by using displacement method combined with vector operation rules. The vibration characteristics of the propulsion system of a model prototype of a hard rock roadheader are analyzed. The longitudinal vibration frequency of the main beam is reduced due to the reduction of the stiffness of the propulsion cylinder, and the first three natural frequencies are very close. There is a serious coupling between the vibration of various degrees of freedom in the TBM main system, and the analysis results are in good agreement with the field test results. At the same time, it also provides technical support for the design of TBM propulsion system. In order to reduce the vibration level of TBM propulsion system, according to the results of field testing and theoretical analysis. This paper proposes a scheme to suppress the vibration of TBM system by using dynamic vibration absorber. The traditional dynamic vibration absorber must have enough additional mass to achieve good vibration absorption effect. The mass of TBM system is huge and the installation space is limited, so it is difficult to achieve enough additional mass of vibration absorber. Therefore, this paper puts forward a scheme of applying lever mechanism to realize the additional mass of vibration absorber. The dynamic vibration absorber suitable for TBM propulsion system is designed. The frequency response function of the system is obtained through the dynamic modeling and analysis of the single-degree-of-freedom spring mass-dynamic vibration absorber. Finally, the dynamic model of TBM system-dynamic vibration absorber is established, and the frequency response function of the system on each degree of freedom is obtained. The vibration amplitude of single degree of freedom and the amplitude of vibration on two degrees of freedom are taken as objective functions, and the global gradient hybrid optimization algorithm is used to optimize the parameters of the vibration absorber installed on the TBM system. The dynamic vibration absorber has good control effect on the vibration of TBM system.
【学位授予单位】：上海交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U455.31

【相似文献】