考虑碳排放成本的集装箱班轮航线配船优化研究

发布时间：2018-01-15 16:13

本文关键词：考虑碳排放成本的集装箱班轮航线配船优化研究　出处：《大连海事大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：最近十年,温室气体的过量排放导致全球气候变暖日益加剧,海运温室气体的排放逐渐引起广泛关注并成为国际气候谈判的新焦点。以欧盟为首的世界大国开始引入监控、核查和报告航运业温室气体排放的措施,国际海事组织也正在酝酿出台相应政策如征收航海碳税和实施航运碳排放权交易机制来控制航运碳排放。因此,航运公司在经营管理过程中如何采取措施应对航运碳排放限制成为其面临的重要问题。探讨占航运业CO2排放量比重最大的集装箱船碳减排,将低碳理念引入集装箱班轮航线配船优化中具有实际意义和超前意识。基于中国航运企业无法测量自有船舶的碳排放量、碳排放豁免标准无法界定以及EUA、CER价格估算方法未定,采用对班轮公司普遍征收碳税的方法进行研究。本文将碳排放量转化为碳排放环境成本,建立了以班轮公司总利润最大化为目标的集装箱航线配船优化模型,并应用于某C班轮公司所经营的6条班轮航线和15条船舶所组成的集装箱运输网络,采用遗传算法进行求解,分别优化出在考虑碳排放成本的前提下航运高峰期和航运低谷期各船舶的最优船速和航线配船结果,并探讨了不征收航海碳税和征收低、中、高档次的碳税税率情况下班轮公司总利润、船舶航速及航线配船策略的变化。模型求解显示：对集装箱船征收碳税时,相比不征收碳税的情况,班轮船队的船速普遍下降,班轮公司总利润下降；在征收碳税的情况下,航运市场处于低谷期时,相比高峰期时,船速下降的幅度更大,甚至碳税税率较高时,会出现严重的船舶闲置现象,班轮公司利润严重下降；航运市场状况相同时,相比征收低档碳税税率,征收高档碳税税率的情况下,船速虽然下降,燃油成本降低,碳排放成本却有可能因高额的碳税税率而增加,班轮公司总利润降低；相同市场状况下,碳税税率增加,船舶闲置增加,但都较先闲置小船型而保留大船型,说明碳排放成本项的增加强化了班轮船队的规模经济效应。研究结果表明,本文建立的模型是合理有效的,可以为集装箱班轮公司在应对航海碳税的情况下合理决策航速和航线配船提供依据,并为低碳航运的深入研究提供理论可行性依据。
[Abstract]:In the last decade, excessive emissions of greenhouse gases have led to an increase in global warming. Marine greenhouse gas emissions have gradually aroused widespread concern and become a new focus of international climate negotiations. The world powers led by the European Union began to introduce measures to monitor, verify and report greenhouse gas emissions from the shipping industry. The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is also planning to issue the corresponding policies, such as the levy of maritime carbon tax and the implementation of shipping carbon emissions trading mechanism to control shipping carbon emissions. It is an important problem for shipping companies to take measures to deal with carbon emission limitation in shipping industry in the course of operation and management. This paper discusses the carbon emission reduction of container ships which account for the largest proportion of CO2 emissions in shipping industry. The introduction of low-carbon concept into the optimization of container liner routes has practical significance and advanced awareness. Based on the Chinese shipping companies can not measure the carbon emissions of their own ships carbon emission exemption standards can not be defined as well as EUA. The method of CER price estimation has not been determined, so the method of general levy of carbon tax on liner company is adopted. In this paper, the carbon emissions are converted into the environmental cost of carbon emissions. The optimization model of container shipping line with the goal of maximizing the total profit of liner company is established and applied to the container transportation network composed of 6 liner routes and 15 ships operated by a C liner company. Genetic algorithm is used to optimize the optimal ship speed and route assignment under the premise of carbon emission cost. The paper also discusses the changes of the total profit, ship speed and route allocation strategy of liner companies under the circumstances of no marine carbon tax and low, middle and high carbon tax rates. The model solution shows that: when collecting carbon tax on container ships. Compared with the case of no carbon tax, the speed of the liner fleet generally decreased, and the total profit of the liner company fell; In the case of carbon tax, the shipping market is in the low period, compared with the peak period, the decline of ship speed is greater, even when the carbon tax rate is higher, there will be serious ship idle phenomenon. Liner companies' profits have fallen sharply; When the shipping market is in the same condition, compared with the low carbon tax rate and the high carbon tax rate, the ship speed may decrease and the fuel cost will decrease, but the carbon emission cost may increase because of the high carbon tax rate. The total profit of liner company is lower; Under the same market conditions, the tax rate of carbon tax increases and the idle ships increase, but the boat type is left idle first and the large ship form is retained. The results show that the increase of carbon emission cost has enhanced the scale economy effect of liner fleet. The results show that the model is reasonable and effective. It can provide the basis for the container liner company to make reasonable decision on shipping speed and route assignment under the circumstance of dealing with the carbon tax of navigation, and provide the theoretical and feasible basis for the further study of low carbon shipping.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U692.33

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