步行性分析与步行交通规划设计方法研究

发布时间：2018-01-16 23:10

  本文关键词：步行性分析与步行交通规划设计方法研究　出处：《东南大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 步行性 城市形态 出行行为 街道环境 步行体验 步行交通规划 步行交通设计

【摘要】：步行是所有人与生俱来的能力,是最健康、最环保的交通方式。步行对城市可持续发展有非常多的益处,也越来越受到城市规划与交通规划等领域的重视。论文以步行性为研究对象,针对我国的实际情况对步行的主体——“人”开展研究,包括步行性与人的出行行为、步行性与人的步行体验,以及提升步行性的步行交通规划设计方法。论文将步行性理解为是一种构造概念(construct),需要分别给予概念上的定义和操作上的定义,并根据定义尺度的不同将其分为城市步行性与街道步行性。城市步行性概念上定义为城市形态支持步行的程度。使用南京市2012年居民出行调查数据及现状土地使用、交通设施、兴趣点等的地理信息数据,从集计与非集计两个层面研究了家庭所在的居住区的城市形态对居民出行行为的影响。集计层面使用5个城市形态因素将1996个家庭所在的居住区进行分层聚类,得到4类城市步行性存在显著差异的居住区,进而使用方差分析与TukeyHSD研究不同城市步行性的居住区中居民出行模式的差异。由于城市步行性的提高有助于增加步行出行、公交出行以及减少私人小汽车出行,因此非集计层面在控制出行者社会经济属性和距离因素的基础上,分别建立MML模型,BL模型与线性回归模型研究了城市形态因素对步行方式选择、公共交通方式选择、个人小汽车出行距离的影响。对模型参数进行分析并最终得到构成城市步行性的城市形态因素对居民出行行为的影响。街道步行性概念上定义为街道环境利于步行的程度。通过在南京市开展街道测量调查与街道视频评分调查,基于调查数据研究街道环境对行人步行体验的影响。街道测量调查记录了18条街道(两侧共计36个步行断面)共23项的街道元素。视频评分调查通过组织人员观看所有步行断面的视频,并完成基于李克特量表法设计街道步行评分表。以街道测量调查数据为基础,设计了18个表征街道步行环境特征的自变量,采用探索性因子分析提取出5个公共因子,进而使用顺序选择模型建模上述5个公共因子与街道步行评分的关系。对模型结果进行分析并最终得到构成街道步行性的街道环境因素对街道步行评分的影响。从网络、空间、环境等三个方面研究步行交通规划设计方法,旨在通过步行网络规划提升城市步行性,通过步行空间设计与步行环境设计提升街道步行性。首先提出了潜在步行需求分析方法并用R语言实现,作为步行交通规划的关键技术。在步行网络规划中提出三种步行分区方法,通过步行分区将步行交通规划从城市尺度向人的尺度转变。提出了考虑临街的土地使用与建筑设计的步行道分级体系,依据交叉口间距与步行体验的关系提出了对应于不同步行分区的步行网络密度要求,对步行网络与公共交通衔接及步行网络的评价指标也进行了研究。在步行空间设计中分未建成区域和已建成区域分别研究了人行道空间的设计方法和人行过街空间的设计方法。步行环境设计采用问题导向的思路,通过总结街道测量调查中发现的步行环境实际问题,针对性的研究相应的步行环境设计方法。研究内容包括人行道、人行过街信号控制、公交站台、街道家具、绿化、临街建筑、渠化岛、交通宁静化设计、管理与维护等。
[Abstract]:The ability to walk is the birthright of all people, is the most healthy, the most environmentally friendly mode of transport. Walking is very much benefit to the sustainable development of the city, more and more areas of city planning and traffic planning and attention. In order to walk as the research object, according to the actual situation of our country on foot the subject of "people" to conduct the research, including the travel behavior of people walking and walking, and walking experience, and enhance the pedestrian planning and design method of traffic walk. This walk will be understood as a structural concept (construct), to the definition and concept were given operation definition and it is divided into the city walk and walk the streets according to the definition of the different scales. The concept of city walking is defined as the city form support walking level. Using survey data and the current situation of residents in Nanjing city in 2012 to travel the land Use, transport facilities, geographical information data points of interest, from the effects of aggregate and disaggregate two levels of home residential area of the city residents travel behavior pattern on the aggregate level. The use of 5 city form factors of the 1996 families in the residential area of hierarchical clustering, get 4 there are significant differences in the City Walk of residential area, and then use the analysis of variance and TukeyHSD of different city pedestrian travel patterns of residents in residential areas. Because of differences in the city on foot increase helps to increase pedestrian travel, bus travel and reduce private car travel, so the disaggregate level in the control of travel economy the attribute and distance of social factors, respectively, to establish the MML model, BL model and linear regression model to study the morphological factors of city walking mode choice, choose public transportation, individual small car The effect of distance. The analysis of the model parameters and get the final impact of city walking city morphological factors of residents travel behavior. Street walking concept is defined as to walk street environment. Through the investigation and measurement of street street in Nanjing city as the frequency score survey, survey data of pedestrian street environment experience the influence of the pedestrian street. Based on the survey recorded 18 streets (on both sides of a total of 36 pedestrian street section) 23 elements. The video score survey watch all the video by walking section organization personnel, and complete the Likert scale score. Based on the design of street walking to the street survey data as the basis 18, design and characterization of street walking environment characteristic variables, using exploratory factor analysis to extract 5 common factors, and then use the model on the order selection The 5 common factors and the street walk score. The relationship between the analysis results of the model and get the final form of Street Pedestrian Street environmental factors influence on the street walk score. From the network, space, environment and so on three aspects of pedestrian planning and design method of traffic, to walk through the network planning and enhance the city walk through. The walking space design and environmental design to enhance the walking street walking. First proposed the potential walking demand analysis method and using R language, as a key technology of pedestrian traffic. The three foot partition method proposed in pedestrian network planning, walk through the pedestrian traffic partition will change from city scale to human scale is proposed. Considering the land use and building design of street walking road classification system, according to the relationship between the intersection spacing and walking experience put forward corresponding to the different points on foot The pedestrian network density requirements of pedestrian network and public transport links and pedestrian network evaluation index is also studied. The walking space design in the uncompleted region and has completed the design method of area were studied and the sidewalk space of pedestrian space. Walking environment design adopts the problem oriented ideas. Through summarizing the survey found in the street walking environment problems, the corresponding walking environment design method of targeted research. Research contents include sidewalks, pedestrian crossing signal control, bus station, street furniture, landscaping, street construction, island, traffic calming design, management and maintenance.

【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491
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本文编号：1435223