船用客梯车升降机构仿真分析及轻量化设计

发布时间：2018-01-17 23:07

本文关键词：船用客梯车升降机构仿真分析及轻量化设计　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着水路运输业的发展,船用客梯车成为各大港口不可缺少的专用车辆。汽车轻量化是现代汽车工业发展的方向,轻量化技术通过减小汽车质量来降低油耗及排放,对节省能源与保护环境有重大意义。本课题以广泰空港设备股份有限公司的GTK95C船用客梯为主要研究对象,对其上的车载式剪式升降机构进行结构优化和轻量化设计,以减小客梯车整车整备质量、降低油耗、改善排放、降低成本。本课题主要以船用客梯车上的升降机构为研究对象,在三维建模软件Pro/Engineer中建立升降机构的三维模型,并将其导入多体动力学分析软件ADAMS中进行结构动力学分析,进行分析时根据升降机构实际工作情况,分别对升降机构的举升工况和加载工况进行仿真模拟,得到两种不同工况下各约束副处的作用力值。并在ADAMS中建立升降机构的参数化模型,对参数化模型进行多体动力学分析,同样也需要分别对升降机构的举升工况和加载工况进行仿真模拟,得到两种不同工况下各约束副处的作用力值。随后参照升降机构实际模型在两种工况下的各约束副处作用力值,检验升降机构参数化模型在两种工况下的各约束副处作用力值,发现两种模型仿真所得结果非常接近。故而,在后期的结构优化中可以不用实际模型,而采用升降机构的参数化模型进行优化,从而简化优化过程。利用ADAMS对升降机构参数化模型进行结构优化,根据优化目标可将优化过程分为两步进行:首先,假设液压缸安装距在人为调节下始终能满足要求,对升降机构剪叉臂长度进行优化,使升降机构模型各剪叉臂的受力情况趋于最优。通过优化,升降机构剪叉臂长度由初始设计时的2550mm缩短为2320mm;然后,在第一步优化的基础上,对升降机构液压缸安装位置进行优化,使升降机构模型各剪叉臂的受力情况更为合理。对完成结构优化的剪式升降机构各剪叉臂进行ANSYS有限元分析,在满足剪叉臂的刚度要求的前提下,对剪叉臂进行尺寸优化,通过缩小剪叉臂管型材的厚度实现升降机构的轻量化目标,四个剪叉臂的总质量明显减小。
[Abstract]:With the development of waterway transportation, ship passenger ladder has become an indispensable special vehicle in various ports. Automobile lightweight is the direction of the development of modern automobile industry. Lightweight technology reduces fuel consumption and emissions by reducing vehicle quality. It is of great significance to save energy and protect the environment. The main research object of this paper is the GTK95C ship passenger ladder of Guang Tai Airport equipment Co., Ltd. The structure optimization and lightweight design of the on-board shearing mechanism are carried out in order to reduce the quality of the whole vehicle preparation, reduce the fuel consumption and improve the emission. To reduce the cost, this paper mainly takes the lifting mechanism of the passenger ladder car as the research object, and establishes the three-dimensional model of the lifting mechanism in the three-dimensional modeling software Pro/Engineer. And it is introduced into the multi-body dynamics analysis software ADAMS for structural dynamics analysis, according to the actual working situation of lifting mechanism. The lifting and loading conditions of the lifting mechanism are simulated respectively, and the force values of the two different conditions are obtained, and the parametric model of the lifting mechanism is established in ADAMS. In the multi-body dynamics analysis of the parameterized model, it is also necessary to simulate the lifting and loading conditions of the lifting mechanism separately. The force values of the two different working conditions are obtained, and then the actual model of the lifting mechanism is referred to the force values of the two kinds of working conditions. The test results of the parameterized model of lifting mechanism at each constraint side under two working conditions show that the simulation results of the two models are very close. Therefore, the actual model can be used in the later structural optimization. In order to simplify the optimization process, the parameterized model of the lifting mechanism is adopted to optimize the structure of the lifting mechanism. ADAMS is used to optimize the structure of the parameterized model of the lifting mechanism. According to the optimization objective, the optimization process can be divided into two steps: first, assuming that the installation distance of the hydraulic cylinder can always meet the requirements under artificial adjustment, the length of the shearing fork arm of the lifting mechanism is optimized. Through optimization, the length of shearing fork arm of lifting mechanism is shortened from 2550mm to 2320mm. Then, on the basis of the first step of optimization, the hydraulic cylinder installation position of lifting mechanism is optimized. The ANSYS finite element analysis of the shear fork arm of the structure optimization is carried out under the premise of satisfying the requirement of the stiffness of the shear fork arm. The dimension of the shearing arm is optimized and the light weight target of the lifting mechanism is realized by reducing the thickness of the shear-arm tube profile. The total mass of the four shearing arms is obviously reduced.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U469.6;U653

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