大型桥梁施工安全风险管理技术与应用

发布时间：2018-01-19 09:14

本文关键词： 大型桥梁施工安全风险综合原因论 LEC 不确定网络　出处：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在国内外桥梁工程风险研究的基础上,以大型桥梁工程项目为背景,就项目施工期间风险识别、估计、评价及控制等问题进行了较为系统的研究,并取得以下成果:(1)结合大型桥梁的施工特点,给出了桥梁施工风险的定义;在综合原因论的基础上,构建了桥梁施工安全风险致因模型,并建立了大型桥梁施工安全风险管理的流程图,为大型桥梁施工风险管理工作提供依据。(2)结合桥梁的施工特点,针对常用的专家调查法主观因素误差较大的缺点,提出了基于事故统计的专家调查法。同时,风险事故的统计有助于桥梁施工安全风险数据库的构建,为企业的风险管理工作提供丰富的基础数据,推动量化方法在我国风险管理工作中的应用。(3)针对传统的LEC(作业条件法)存在的缺点,根据我国桥梁施工有关标准、法规和安全风险研究,结合大型桥梁施工特点,提出一种能更好应用在大型桥梁施工安全风险估计中的方法:改进LEC法。该方法将管理因素作为折减因子引入到风险估计中,有效反映工程实际中安全管理工作的重要性;其次,该方法对风险事故后果严重程度的估计,将人员伤亡以外的直接经济损失、环境破坏和工期延误都考虑在内,确保估计结果更科学准确。(4)对于改进的LEC法,通过运用MATLAB进行编程统计其评估结果D值的分布,并结合相关文献及《公路桥梁和隧道工程施工安全风险评估指南》划分标准,建立了改进LEC法评估结果等级划分标准,从而判断出一般风险源和重大风险源。(5)针对大型桥梁施工安全风险问题的复杂性和不确定性,分析现有评价方法的不足,提出一种定量的风险评价方法:不确定网络分析法。运用该方法对重大风险源进行进一步的风险评价,确定风险影响因素的权重,为制定风险控制措施提供依据。(6)结合我国桥梁施工特点和管理现状,给出了几种重大风险源的控制措施。
[Abstract]:Based on the research of bridge engineering risk at home and abroad and taking the large-scale bridge engineering project as the background, this paper makes a systematic study on the problems of risk identification, estimation, evaluation and control during the construction period of the project. The following results are obtained: 1) combined with the characteristics of large bridge construction, the definition of bridge construction risk is given. On the basis of the theory of comprehensive cause, the paper constructs the risk causing model of bridge construction safety, and establishes the flow chart of large bridge construction safety risk management. To provide the basis for the construction risk management of large bridges. (2) combined with the characteristics of the bridge construction, aiming at the shortcomings of the common expert investigation method, the subjective factor error is large. The method of expert investigation based on accident statistics is put forward. At the same time, the statistics of risk accidents is helpful to the construction of bridge construction safety risk database and provides abundant basic data for the risk management of enterprises. To promote the application of quantitative method in risk management in China, aiming at the shortcomings of traditional LECs, according to the relevant standards, regulations and safety risks of bridge construction in China. According to the characteristics of large bridge construction, an improved LEC method is proposed, which can be better applied to the risk estimation of large bridge construction. The management factor is introduced into the risk estimation as a reduction factor. Effectively reflect the importance of safety management in engineering practice; Secondly, the method takes into account the direct economic loss, the environmental damage and the delay in the construction period. To ensure that the estimated results are more scientific and accurate. (4) for the improved LEC method, the distribution of the D value of the evaluation results is calculated by using MATLAB programming. Combined with the related literature and the "Road, Bridge and Tunnel Construction Safety risk Assessment Guide", the classification standard of the improved LEC method evaluation results is established. Thus judging the general risk source and the major risk source.) aiming at the complexity and uncertainty of the safety risk problem of large bridge construction, this paper analyzes the shortcomings of the existing evaluation methods. In this paper, a quantitative risk assessment method, uncertain network analysis method, is proposed, which is used to evaluate the major risk sources and determine the weight of risk factors. According to the characteristics of bridge construction and the present situation of management in China, several control measures of major risk sources are given.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U445.1

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