基于元胞自动机的高速公路交通流特性研究

发布时间：2018-01-20 06:12

本文关键词： 高速公路双车道交通流混合交通流大货车元胞自动机换道瓶颈移动瓶颈限速区长大上坡施工区　出处：《长沙理工大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国很多高速公路的实际交通量还远没有达到设计通行能力便经常发生拥堵,其中有两个主要原因,一是大货车日益增多、速度很低、占用快车道而形成移动瓶颈,造成偶发性拥堵,二是道路设施和管控措施不合理而形成固定瓶颈,造成常发性拥堵。现在采取的各种措施很难根治拥堵,为从根本上解决问题,必须深入研究交通流的演化过程,认识各种交通现象的本质,找出交通流的演化规律。本文旨在研究我国四车道高速公路在客货混行条件下的交通流特性。本文在国家交通法律和实测交通数据的基础上,全面分析了我国四车道高速公路限速规则、纵向行驶规则、换道规则、车辆分类和车辆运行特性。描述了纵向驾驶行为和换道行为,将换道行为分为自发性换道和强制性换道,将自发性换道又分为有倾向型和无倾向型,以此为依据将现实中的换道规则分为对称规则、不对称规则、旧法规规则、新法规规则四类,并定义了让道和抢道行为。分析了高速公路限速区、长大上坡、施工区等特殊路段的道路特性、车辆纵向运行特性和换道特性。元胞自动机作为一种简洁和高效的模型,在交通流建模中具有独特的优势。本文采用元胞自动机建模,以单车道NaSch模型为基础,建立了能描述各种换道规则、驾驶行为和特殊路段的双车道元胞模型。用VC++编程开发了元胞仿真软件,采用周期性边界条件,慢车比率取0.05和0.5,以对比慢车较少和较多时交通流的变化,密度区间取0-60veh/km,在研究交通流的时空特性和空间特性时,密度通常取25veh/km。分析了车辆初始分布方式、统计时间、样本数量、元胞长度等控制参数对模拟结果的影响,确定了各参数取值。用实测交通数据验证了所建元胞模型的有效性和参数取值的合理性。考察了换道规则、慢车比率、慢车长度、慢车性能、换道概率、慢化概率、慢车让道、快车抢道、同种车型速度差异等因素对一般路段交通流的影响。考察了限速值和减速行为对限速区的影响、慢车比率和爬坡车道对长大上坡的影响、封闭不同车道和车流密度对施工区的影响。从以下三个方面表示和分析模拟结果：一是绘制流量、速度、换道率、车道使用率、冲突率等参数与密度的关系曲线,用于分析交通流宏观运行特性；二是绘制元胞演化的时空斑图,用于分析车辆的时空分布特性；三是绘制流量、速度、密度沿道路的空间分布曲线,用于分析特殊路段交通流的空间分布特性。本文取得了以下创新性成果：(1)通过定义换道等驾驶行为的元胞规则,建立了四车道高速公路交通流元胞模型,可全面反映四车道高速公路交通流特征；(2)运用元胞模型,揭示了换道规则、慢车比率、快车抢道等因素对高速公路交通流影响的相关规律；(3)建立了能描述我国高速公路限速区、长大上坡、施工区等特殊路段交通流特性的元胞模型,通过模拟分析获得了相关路段车辆运行特性和规律。本研究能从微观和宏观上深化对高速公路交通流特性的认识和理解,比如换道规则和慢车比率对交通流的影响规律和作用机理、施工区的交通运行规律等,为优化交通设计和管理提供理论支持。元胞模型参数经过标定后,可用于仿真实际交通流,如果模型准确度、精确度和运算速度达到要求,还可实现对交通状态的在线仿真、短时预测和预警,达到缓解和预防拥堵的目的。
[Abstract]:The actual traffic volume of many highways in China is still far from reaching the design capacity and frequent jams, there are two main reasons, a large truck is increasing, the speed is very low, the fast lane and the formation of mobile bottleneck, cause nonrecurring congestion, two road facilities and control measures are not reasonable and the formation of fixed bottleneck that caused by frequent congestion. Various measures are taken to cure congestion, to fundamentally solve the problem, the evolution process must be in-depth study of traffic flow, understanding of the nature of various traffic phenomena, to find out the evolution of traffic flow. This paper aims to study China's four lane highway traffic flow characteristics under the condition of mixed. In this paper, the state of traffic laws and traffic data, a comprehensive analysis of China's highway speed limit rule four lane, longitudinal driving rules, rules for road vehicles, and classification The operating characteristics of the vehicle. Describes the longitudinal driving behavior and changing behavior of lane changing behavior is divided into spontaneous change and mandatory change, will be divided into spontaneous change tendency and no tendency to type, on the basis of the lane changing rules for symmetry rules in reality, asymmetric regulation, the old regulations the new rules, regulations four, and defines the way and aggressive behavior. Analysis of the highway speed limit zone, continuous uphill road characteristics, special road construction area, vertical operation characteristics of the vehicle and the lane changing characteristics of the cellular automaton is a simple and efficient model, has a unique advantage in traffic flow modeling using cellular automaton modeling. In this paper, the single lane NaSch model as the foundation, established to describe various rules for road, a two lane cellular model of driving behavior and special sections. Using VC++ programming of the cellular simulation software, using cycle Boundary conditions, ratio of 0.05 and 0.5 cars, with the change of traffic flow is less and more local contrast, density interval 0-60veh/km, the spatial-temporal characteristics and spatial characteristics of traffic flow density, usually 25veh/km. of vehicle initial distribution, statistical time, the number of samples, the control parameters affect cellular length the results of simulation, to determine the values of the parameters. Using the measured traffic data validate the effectiveness and parameters of the Jianyuan cell model. The lane changing rules, slow rate, slow length, slow performance were investigated, the lane changing probability, probability of slow, slow to express, grab the road, factors affecting the same model speed the difference of traffic flow on the road. The general effects of speed limit and deceleration of the speed limit area, slow rate and influence of continuous uphill climbing lane, closed in different lanes and traffic density of application Area effect. From the following three aspects: representation and analysis of the simulation results is a drawing flow, speed, lane change rate, Lane utilization rate, curve parameters and density of conflict rate, for the analysis of macroscopic characteristics of traffic flow; two is to draw the cellular evolution pattern, for analysis of temporal and spatial distribution characteristics the vehicle is drawn; three flow speed distribution curve along the road space density, traffic flow distribution is used to analyze the spatial characteristics of special sections. This paper has obtained the following innovative achievements: (1) through the definition of lane changing and driving behavior of cellular rule, established the cellular model of four lane highway traffic flow, can fully reflect the four lane highway traffic flow characteristics; (2) the use of cellular model, reveals the lane change rules, slow rate, relationship between express cut and other factors on the freeway traffic flow; (3) to establish a description Highway speed zone of China's long uphill, cellular model of traffic flow characteristics of the special sections of the construction area, through simulation analysis, access to the relevant sections of the vehicle operation characteristics and rules. This research can deepen the understanding of the highway traffic flow characteristics in micro and macro and understanding, such as rules for Road and traffic ratio on the law and the effect of traffic flow, the construction area of traffic law, to provide theoretical support for the design and optimization of traffic management. The cellular model parameters after calibration can be used to simulate the actual traffic flow, if the model accuracy, precision and speed of operation to meet the requirements, but also can realize the online simulation of the traffic state. Short term forecasting and early warning, reducing and preventing congestion.

【学位授予单位】：长沙理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.112

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