城市隧道出入口交通流拥挤问题研究

发布时间：2018-01-25 08:08

本文关键词： 城市隧道出入口交通流状态车辆换道行为加速度干扰　出处：《南京林业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：城市隧道在城市道路中承担着重要的交通功能,对减少城市道路用地、缩短行车里程、疏导城市交通起到了非常积极的作用。由于在隧道出入口处,道路条件和交通环境发生较大变化,机动车在其出入口处存在多种动态变化的驾驶行为,尤其是高峰时段,在不稳定交通流的状态下,该处的交通情况对隧道整体的通行效率影响很大。因此,有必要以城市隧道出入口路段交通流为研究对象,来定性与定量分析城市隧道出入口的交通流拥挤问题,以此通过对城市隧道出口驾驶行为的管理等措施来减少交通拥挤。本文主要依托于交通流理论、交通工程学方法以及交通管理与控制措施,研究了城市隧道出入口交通流拥挤相关问题,具体研究内容有:(1)从人、车、路三要素入手,阐述了影响城市隧道出入口交通流的主要因素有驾驶员特性、机动车特性和道路特性,并分析了不同影响因素下车辆在隧道出入口的换道行为特征及其差异。(2)通过视频观测法,调查分析了城市隧道出口处交通流的微观参数(车头与车速),借助交通波模型定性分析了车辆换道与交通拥挤之间的关系,并根据交通流基本图将城市隧道交通流状态划分为离散、跟驰和拥挤三种状态。基于车头时距法计算了车辆换算系数,并结合车辆换算系数和自由流速度两个参数的分析。(3)通过运用安全间距公式以及交通波模型,得到隧道洞口一辆车到达时,车道变换产生排队或拥挤的概率,即车道变换引起交通拥挤的概率;运用多元线形回归模型,分析了公交车换道对交通流的具体影响因素,发现在不同因素中,公交车比例对城市隧道出口交通流的影响较为明显。(4)借助加速度干扰计算模型,利用试验车调查玄武湖隧道、鼓楼隧道以及九华山隧道内交通流的动态加速度,计算并分析不同隧道交通流的加速度干扰值,借助仿真手段,得到城市隧道交通流状态与加速度干扰的关系图,根据该图表现出来的不同车辆运行特征,可以将城市隧道单行双车道服务水平分四个等级,并相应给出各级之间平均速度的取值范围,利用加速度干扰值评价了城市隧道出入口的交通流拥挤情况,从而为工程实践提供参考依据。通过本文的研究,得到了拥挤发生与消散车流速度以及车头时距范围,计算车道变换引起交通拥挤的概率;建立了车头时距关系的多元线性模型,指出在车辆换道时,公交车比例对城市隧道出口交通流影响最大;根据加速度干扰模型计算并分析了不同隧道交通流的加速度干扰值,得到城市隧道交通流状态与加速度干扰的关系图,并将服务水平分四个等级。
[Abstract]:Urban tunnel plays an important role in urban road transportation, which plays a very active role in reducing urban road land, reducing mileage and dredging urban traffic, because it is at the entrance and exit of the tunnel. Road conditions and traffic environment have changed greatly. There are a variety of dynamic driving behavior at the entrance and exit of motor vehicles, especially in the rush hour, in the unstable traffic flow state. The traffic situation has a great impact on the overall efficiency of the tunnel. Therefore, it is necessary to study the traffic flow at the entrance and exit of the city tunnel. To qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the traffic congestion at the entrances and exits of urban tunnels, so as to reduce traffic congestion through the management of the driving behavior at the exit of urban tunnels. This paper mainly relies on the theory of traffic flow. Traffic engineering methods and traffic management and control measures, studied the city tunnel entrance and exit traffic congestion problems, the specific content of the study from the human, car, road three elements. The main factors influencing the traffic flow at the entrance and exit of the city tunnel are the characteristics of the driver, the characteristics of the motor vehicle and the characteristics of the road. The characteristics and differences of the changing behavior of vehicles at the tunnel entrance and exit under different influence factors are analyzed. The microscopic parameters of the traffic flow (front and speed) at the exit of the city tunnel are investigated and analyzed by the video observation method. With the aid of the traffic wave model, the relationship between the change of traffic and traffic congestion is qualitatively analyzed, and the traffic flow state of urban tunnel is divided into discrete according to the basic map of traffic flow. The vehicle conversion coefficient is calculated based on the head-time distance method in three states of car-following and congestion. Combined with the analysis of the two parameters of vehicle conversion coefficient and free flow velocity, by using the safety distance formula and the traffic wave model, the arrival time of a vehicle at the tunnel entrance is obtained. The probability of queue or congestion caused by lane change, that is, the probability of traffic congestion caused by lane change; By using the multiple linear regression model, this paper analyzes the specific influence factors on the traffic flow caused by the change of the bus routes, and finds out that the factors are different. The effect of bus proportion on the traffic flow at the exit of city tunnel is obvious. (4) with the aid of acceleration interference calculation model, the Xuanwu Lake tunnel is investigated by test vehicle. The dynamic acceleration of traffic flow in Gulou Tunnel and Jiuhuashan Tunnel is calculated and analyzed by means of simulation. The relationship between traffic flow and acceleration disturbance in urban tunnel is obtained. According to the different characteristics of vehicle operation, the service level of single-lane and two-lane can be divided into four levels. At the same time, the range of the average velocity between different levels is given, and the traffic congestion at the entrance and exit of the city tunnel is evaluated by the acceleration interference value, which provides a reference for the engineering practice. The speed of traffic congestion and the range of headway distance are obtained, and the probability of traffic congestion caused by lane change is calculated. The multivariate linear model of the head-length relationship is established, and it is pointed out that the proportion of buses has the greatest influence on the traffic flow at the exit of the city tunnel when the vehicle changes lanes. According to the acceleration disturbance model, the acceleration interference value of different tunnel traffic flow is calculated and analyzed, and the relationship diagram between traffic flow state and acceleration disturbance in urban tunnel is obtained, and the service level is divided into four levels.
【学位授予单位】：南京林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.1

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