极轴跟踪式阳光输送机的研究与实现

发布时间：2018-01-25 11:00

本文关键词： 太阳光直接照明隧道加强照明系统极轴跟踪聚光—调光器定点输出导光器　出处：《陕西科技大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：针对公路隧道加强照明系统目前使用常规电力导致高耗电耗能的现状,设计一种将太阳光直接用于隧道加强照明中的装置,既很好地回避了这种阳光输送机系统输出太阳光时有时无稳定性差的固有性能缺陷,又能高效利用太阳能以达到节能照明的目的。但将普通型阳光输送机用于该工程中后又存在着光纤成本高(占系统成本3/4)和光能远距离(≥50m)传输效率低的应用技术瓶颈,为此研究设计了极轴跟踪免光纤式阳光输送机。即省去光纤等传输介质,采用极轴式驱动装置和闭环跟踪控制的关键技术,最终实现将方向不断变化的太阳光定向从隧道上部拱形空间的空气介质中直接传输进隧道,然后由安装于顶部且处于光路不同深度和高度的漫反射镜组把太阳光散射至路面完成隧道出入段的加强照明。这使太阳光传输效率提高到近90%,系统成本同时也下降为原来的1/3。本课题的主要工作内容为:(1)极轴跟踪式阳光输送机整机方案设计依据公路隧道太阳光直接照明系统的工程实际要求进行整机的设计,它主要由安装在隧道外部的聚光—调光器、导光器和安装于隧道内部的辅助漫反射镜组三部分组成。其中聚光调光镜及导光镜各自与相应的驱动控制系统分别组成聚光—调光器和导光器。重点结合聚光—调光器要达到定点输出的功能设计了一种极轴式驱动装置;(2)聚光—调光器极轴式跟踪控制系统设计由于隧道拱形截面积限制导致传输的光通量不能满足路面照明亮度要求,通过对比已有跟踪方法设计了配备极轴跟踪系统的菲涅尔透镜式聚光—调光器,实现入射太阳光的跟踪汇聚并调节成增强平行光后定点输出至导光器的方法有效解决。选用STC12C5A60S2作为控制芯片完成跟踪系统的光信号采集处理、电机选型及驱动控制电路、按键调整显示电路和对应的软件模块设计;(3)基于导光器定向输出功能的跟踪方案设计为驱动导光机构进行光路调整定向输出太阳光,采用粗、细、微调三层次传感器组成优先级不同的信号采集器结构设计思路,来解决实际应用中由于光信号传感器安装于隧道内部引起跟踪系统在正常工作中客观存在的进入信号“盲区”而导致“脱靶”的问题,以保证系统工作稳定性;(4)样机各模块实验测试及分析总结对设计制作的样机进行了调试实验,分析测得数据计算菲涅尔透射式聚光—调光器光学聚光比约为7.19,跟踪系统精度约0.1°,且整机光传输效率约达81%,基本达到了预期效果。并与其它公路隧道照明系统比较表明:极轴跟踪式阳光输送机不仅能实现高精度自动跟踪太阳定向输出增强型平行光,而且能更高效地传输太阳光于隧道出入段路面完成直接照明。该阳光输送机作为一种高效率低成本的太阳光导入照明装置,所采用的极轴式驱动装置配合闭环跟踪控制技术以及菲涅尔透镜式样机经实验数据验证均达到系统目标。在用于公路隧道出入段及推广至地下车库,住宅阴面房屋等白天也需照明的场所中时,它能充分发挥照明优势并很好地响应节能环保的号召,以上工作也为其后期产业化打下了基础。
[Abstract]:To strengthen the highway tunnel lighting system currently used in conventional power consumption can lead to high consumption situation, design a direct sunlight for tunnel lighting in strengthening device, which is very good to avoid the sunlight conveyer system output light from the sun when the poor stability of solid performance defects, and efficient use of solar energy to achieve the purpose of energy-saving lighting. But the ordinary type conveyor for the project after the sun has a high cost (the cost of the system for optical fiber 3/4) and light distance (more than 50m) application bottleneck of low transmission efficiency, so the research and design of the polar axis tracking free fiber conveyor. The sun is eliminating the optical fiber transmission medium used polar axis type driving device and key technology of closed loop tracking control, finally realize the sunlight directional changing from the upper part of the tunnel arch space directly from the air medium Enter the tunnel, then the optical path is arranged on the top and at different depth and height of the diffuse reflection mirror group sun light scattering to complete the entry section of Tunnel Pavement Strengthening lighting. This makes the sun light transmission efficiency increased to nearly 90%, the cost of the system also decreased as the main content of this paper is as follows: the original 1/3. (1) the design of the polar axis tracking sunlight conveyer machine design for highway tunnel solar direct lighting system engineering requirements for the machine, which is mainly composed of a mounting condenser - in the tunnel external dimmer, and optical device installed in the tunnel auxiliary diffuse reflector inside the group is composed of three parts. The spotlight dimming mirrors and light microscope respectively and the corresponding drive control system composed of light - dimmer and light guide device. Based on the spot - light regulator to achieve output function design of a shaft type driving device. Set; (2) - light dimmer polaxis tracking control system design as the tunnel arch section because of the limitation of the flux transmission can not meet the requirements of the design of road lighting brightness, Finel lens spotlight - equipped with polar axis tracking system of the dimmer by comparing the tracking method, tracking to achieve convergence of incident solar light and adjust the enhancement method of parallel light output to the light guide device after the effective solution. STC12C5A60S2 is selected as the optical signal acquisition and processing control chip selection and tracking system, motor drive control circuit, software module design circuit and the corresponding button to adjust the display; (3) the design of tracking scheme for optical device based on directional output function for driving the light guiding mechanism for adjusting optical directional output light from the sun, the coarse, fine, fine tune the three level sensors of different priority signal collector structure design, To solve the practical application due to the optical signal sensor installed in the tunnel caused by the internal tracking system exists in the normal work of the signal into "blind" and lead to "Miss", in order to ensure the stability of the system; (4) testing and analysis of each module of the prototype prototype experiments designed by experiment analysis the measured data transmission Finel condenser - dimmer optical concentration ratio is 7.19, precision tracking system is about 0.1 degrees, and the light transmission efficiency of about 81%, basically reached the expected effect. And compared with other highway tunnel lighting system: the polar axis tracking sunlight conveyer can realize high precision automatic tracking solar orientation enhanced parallel light output, and more efficient transmission of solar light in the tunnel exit section of the road to complete the direct lighting. The sunlight conveyer is a kind of high efficient low rate The sun light into the lighting device, the polar axis type driving device with closed-loop tracking control technology and experimental data verified by the Finel lens style reached the system goal. For highway tunnel entrance and exit section and extended to the underground garage, residential houses and other shaded places of lighting will also be the day when it can give full play to the advantages and good response to the call of energy saving and environmental protection, the above work also for the late industrialization laid the foundation.

【学位授予单位】：陕西科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U453.7;TK519

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