无线车辆检测网络路由协议与时间同步算法研究

发布时间：2018-01-25 20:27

本文关键词： 无线车辆检测系统无线传感器网络路由协议时间同步　出处：《长安大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：无线车辆检测系统是无线传感器网络的一个应用系统,用于采集交通信息参数,为智能交通监控系统提供有效的前端数据。能量有限是制约无线传感器网络的一个重要因素,同样,无线车辆检测系统也面临着能量有限且补给困难的问题。基于此,为了提高无线车辆检测系统的能量利用率,本文提出了一种高效节能的路由协议和一种兼顾精度与能耗的时间同步算法。本文的主要研究内容包括:(1)根据无线车辆检测系统的网络特性,提出了一种分时段分簇多跳路由协议。其中,针对城市交通流呈现高峰期、空闲期和繁忙期的三段式规律特征,提出了一种分时段的簇首选举算法:高峰期采用分布式簇首选举算法,空闲期采用集中式簇首选举算法,繁忙期则采用集中与分布式相结合的集中-分布式簇首选举算法;针对无线车辆检测系统要求同车道传感器节点在分簇时应分至同一簇的结构要求,提出了一种捆绑式成簇算法;为了优化数据传输的路由路径,引入了中继簇首节点,采用了一种基于多跳的数据传输方式。(2)为了进一步提高系统的能量利用率,提出了一种可兼顾精度与代价的自适应时间同步算法。其中,当系统工作在稳定状态时,采用分组式RBS时间同步算法来实现所有同车道节点间的相对时间同步;当系统进行状态切换时,采用一种分层多跳全局时间同步算法,其中,汇聚-簇首节点间采用双向同步机制,簇首-成员节点间采用的则是双向同步与参考广播同步相结合的方式。(3)本文在OMNET++上搭建了一个模拟无线车辆检测系统的仿真平台,对分时段分簇多跳路由协议及自适应时间同步算法进行了相关性能的仿真测试。测试结果表明:在相同条件下,分时段分簇多跳路由协议比LEACH协议及DCHS协议消耗的网络能量少,有利于延长网络的生存周期;自适应时间同步算法在同步误差与同步开销两项性能上也优于TPSN算法。
[Abstract]:Wireless vehicle detection system is an application system of wireless sensor network, which is used to collect traffic information parameters. Provide effective front-end data for intelligent traffic monitoring systems. Limited energy is an important factor restricting wireless sensor networks, as well. Wireless vehicle detection system also faces the problem of limited energy and difficult supply. Therefore, in order to improve the energy efficiency of wireless vehicle detection system. In this paper, we propose an efficient and energy-efficient routing protocol and a time synchronization algorithm which combines precision and energy consumption. The main research contents of this paper include: 1) according to the network characteristics of wireless vehicle detection system. A multi-hop routing protocol is proposed, in which the urban traffic flow presents the characteristics of peak, idle and busy periods. A cluster head election algorithm is proposed in this paper: the distributed cluster head election algorithm is used in the peak period and the centralized cluster head election algorithm is used in the idle period. In the peak period, a centralized and distributed cluster head election algorithm is adopted. In order to meet the structural requirements of the wireless vehicle detection system that the sensor nodes in the same lane should be clustered into the same cluster, a bundled clustering algorithm is proposed. In order to optimize the routing path of data transmission, the relay cluster head node is introduced, and a multi-hop data transmission mode. In this paper, an adaptive time synchronization algorithm is proposed, which considers both precision and cost, in which the system works in a stable state. The grouping RBS time synchronization algorithm is used to realize the relative time synchronization among all the same lane nodes. When the system switches states, a hierarchical multi-hop global time synchronization algorithm is adopted, in which a two-way synchronization mechanism is used between the convergence and cluster heads. Cluster head-member node is the combination of two-way synchronization and reference broadcast synchronization.) this paper builds a simulation platform on OMNET to simulate the wireless vehicle detection system. Simulation tests on the performance of multi-hop routing protocol and adaptive time synchronization algorithm are carried out. The results show that: under the same conditions. Compared with LEACH protocol and DCHS protocol, clustering multi-hop routing protocol consumes less network energy, which is helpful to prolong the lifetime of network. The adaptive time synchronization algorithm is also superior to the TPSN algorithm in terms of synchronization error and synchronization overhead.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U495

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