面向绿色驾驶的信号交叉口车速动态控制方法研究

发布时间：2018-01-27 15:11

本文关键词： 绿色驾驶信号交叉口可变速度限制 VMS 遗传算法 MATLAB　出处：《哈尔滨工业大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：城市中的信号交叉口对交通流有隔断作用,车辆在此处经常加速、减速、怠速和停车,造成大量的机动车污染物排放及燃油消耗。动态速度控制方法(Dynamic Speed Control,DSC)作为绿色驾驶的一种方法,能够为车辆驾驶员提供动态实时的驾驶策略。相较于传统的绿色驾驶方法,动态速度控制方法的优势在于,成熟的信息发布技术和通信技术使得其更加实用,成本相对于燃料的改进及车辆的改造更有优势。而可变速度限制(Variable Speed Limit,VSL)作为动态速度控制方法中较为成熟的一种方法,能够通过路边设置的可变信息板(Variable Message Signs,VMS),为驾驶员提供动态速度建议值,控制其运行方式,因此基于可变速度限制设计的面向绿色驾驶的信号交叉口车速动态控制方法具有重要意义。论文在分析机动车污染物排放及燃油消耗模型和可变速度限制方法的基础上,针对现有模型及方法对以信号交叉口为背景的缺失以及控制约束的不足,提出了一种基于可变速度限制的信号交叉口绿色驾驶控制方法。根据时空关系选取车队中的头车,利用VMS板向头车驾驶员发布速度建议值,控制其运行状态,使其经过提前减速和加速的过程后,能够在下一信号周期绿灯开始时通过交叉口,提高通行效率,同时达到减少机动车污染物排放和燃油消耗的效果。针对基于可变速度限制的信号交叉口绿色驾驶控制方法中的相关机制对车辆运行特征和时空关系的约束,以VMS的布设位置为决策变量,以机动车污染物排放及燃油消耗最少为目标,构建了面向绿色驾驶的信号交叉口车速动态控制优化模型,对信号交叉口处关于VMS布设位置的车速动态控制优化问题进行了全面的描述。在建模基础之上,利用遗传算法对优化模型进行求解,采用MATLAB中的GATBX工具箱进行仿真计算,得到最佳的VMS布设位置。然后设置相应的参数,在MATLAB中仿真模拟信号交叉口车速动态控制方法,对不同交通量情况下信号交叉口处CO、HC、Nox排放和燃油消耗进行分析,得出在交通量接近饱和的状况下,该方法能够有效地提高通行效率,同时在交通量较大的状况下,节能减排效果明显。
[Abstract]:Signalized intersections in the city block traffic flow, where vehicles often speed up, slow down, idle, and stop. Dynamic Speed Control (DSC) is one of the methods of green driving, which results in a large amount of vehicle pollutant emissions and fuel consumption. Compared with the traditional green driving method, the advantage of the dynamic speed control method is that the mature information publishing technology and communication technology make it more practical. The cost is superior to the improvement of fuel and the improvement of vehicle, while variable Speed Limit is limited by variable speed. VSL (variable Message signals) is a mature method of dynamic speed control, which can be used by the variable information board (VMS) set by the side of the road. To provide the suggested value of dynamic speed for the driver and control its running mode. Therefore, it is of great significance to design a dynamic speed control method for green driving signalized intersection based on variable speed limit. This paper analyzes the model of vehicle pollutant emission and fuel consumption and the variable speed limit method. On... Aiming at the deficiency of existing models and methods to the background of signalized intersection and the deficiency of control constraints. This paper presents a green driving control method for signalized intersections based on variable speed limit. According to the space-time relationship, the first vehicle in the motorcade is selected, and the suggested speed value is issued to the head-car driver by using the VMS board. Control its running state, make it through the process of decelerating and accelerating ahead of time, can pass through the intersection at the beginning of the green light of the next signal cycle, so as to improve the traffic efficiency. At the same time, it can reduce vehicle pollutant emission and fuel consumption. According to the related mechanism of the green driving control method based on variable speed limit, the constraints on vehicle operation characteristics and space-time relationship. Taking the location of VMS as the decision variable and the vehicle pollutant emission and fuel consumption as the goal, a dynamic speed control optimization model for green driving-oriented signalized intersection is constructed. The optimization problem of vehicle speed dynamic control at signalized intersection about VMS placement position is described comprehensively. On the basis of modeling, genetic algorithm is used to solve the optimization model. The GATBX toolbox in MATLAB is used to simulate and calculate, and the best placement position of VMS is obtained. Then the corresponding parameters are set. This paper simulates the dynamic control method of speed at signalized intersection in MATLAB, and analyzes the emission and fuel consumption of HCN Nox at signalized intersection under different traffic volume. It is concluded that this method can effectively improve the traffic efficiency under the condition that the traffic volume is close to saturation, and at the same time, the effect of energy saving and emission reduction is obvious under the condition of large traffic volume.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491

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