北京市医疗和教育资源优化对缓解交通的影响

发布时间：2018-02-10 01:03

本文关键词： 资源分配优化选址缓解拥堵　出处：《首都经济贸易大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国城市化进程的快速发展,极大地推进了我国经济实力的不断增强。但是由于特大城市人口过快增加和集聚,使得特大城市交通拥堵问题成为一个普遍现象。北京市的交通拥堵问题更加突出,交通治理已经迫在眉睫。交通拥堵产生的最直接的影响就是大大的增加了人们的出行时间,抑制了人们的出行活动。为解决交通拥堵,政府也采取了很多的措施,比如,限号出行、摇号限购、收取拥堵费、增加交通道路资源等,但是就目前来看,这些措施并没有从根本上来解决交通拥堵问题。实际上目前北京市公共资源的高度聚集和城市功能区分布严重失衡,是造成交通拥堵的重要因素之一。本文选择了对交通影响最突出、最频繁的教育资源和医疗资源两个方面进行分析和研究。由于义务教育资源不均衡,优质学校集中分布在中心区,使得城市中出现了较多的择校行为,增加交通压力,而医疗资源与居民居住不匹配,医院分布的不合理和过于集中,吸引北京市和外地就医者聚集在少量的医疗集中城区,医院周边形成交通拥堵的常态。北京市因为历史发展的缘故,优质的教育资源、医疗资源大部分集中在三环之内,形成一个大的资源聚集点,但是假如将其分散到其他的各个区域,人们能够就近享受到优质服务,减少道路使用,这样会不会缓解交通拥堵。出于这样的目的,本文将通过GIS软件,描述出北京各地区的医院和学校分布情况,然后根据人口聚集程度和需求量对医院进行医疗点选址,利用网络分析中的最小化阻抗模型选出最优的位置点,使得在北京市实际的交通网络下,能够就近满足居民的医疗需要,然后在这样的优化布局下,通过计算得出居民所减少的实际出行距离量,即对交通缓解情况进行了量化分析。对于学校则是比较政府实行划片入学前后居民的出行距离,验证划片入学政策对交通拥堵有一定的缓解作用,然后提出教育资源均衡发展才能最大程度的缓解交通压力,并且进行了量化模拟。通过这种实际的测算,在解决交通拥堵问题上,能进一步为决策者提供更加有效的建议。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of urbanization in our country has greatly promoted the increasing economic strength of our country. However, due to the rapid growth and agglomeration of the population in mega-cities, Traffic congestion in mega-cities has become a common phenomenon. Traffic congestion in Beijing is more prominent and traffic control is imminent. The most direct impact of traffic congestion is greatly increasing people's travel time. The government has also taken a lot of measures to solve traffic jams, such as limited travel, limited purchases, charging congestion charges, increasing road resources, etc., but for now, These measures have not fundamentally solved the traffic congestion problem. In fact, at present, the high concentration of public resources in Beijing and the serious imbalance in the distribution of urban functional areas, It is one of the important factors that cause traffic jams. This paper chooses the most prominent and frequent educational and medical resources to analyze and study. Because of the imbalance of compulsory education resources, High quality schools are concentrated in the central district, resulting in more school selection behavior in the city, increasing traffic pressure, and mismatch between medical resources and residents, unreasonable and too centralized distribution of hospitals. To attract doctors from Beijing and other places to gather in a small number of concentrated medical districts, traffic jams have formed around the hospitals. Because of historical development, Beijing has high quality educational and medical resources, most of which are concentrated in the third Ring Road. To form a large resource agglomeration point, but if it is spread out to other regions, people will be able to access quality services nearby and reduce road use, which will ease traffic jams. For this purpose, In this paper, the distribution of hospitals and schools in various areas of Beijing is described by GIS software, then the location of the hospitals is selected according to the population concentration degree and the demand, and the optimal location points are selected by using the minimized impedance model in network analysis. So that under the actual transportation network in Beijing, it can meet the medical needs of residents nearby, and then under such an optimized layout, by calculating the actual travel distance reduced by residents, That is, quantitative analysis of traffic mitigation. For schools, compared with the travel distance of residents before and after the implementation of stroke admission, it is verified that the stroke admission policy has a certain role in alleviating traffic congestion. Then it is proposed that the balanced development of educational resources can relieve traffic pressure to the greatest extent and carry out quantitative simulation. Through this practical calculation, it can provide more effective suggestions for decision makers in solving the traffic congestion problem.
【学位授予单位】：首都经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D669.3;U491.265

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