城市交叉口前道路车辆换道行为研究

发布时间：2018-02-10 21:44

本文关键词： 交通流二维OV模型信号控制交叉口跟驰模型换道模型　出处：《合肥工业大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着城市化进程的快速推进,人民生活水平提高,城市道路上车辆数量迅速增长,城市交通拥堵问题已经成为我国城市的普遍现象。拥堵的交通影响人们的出行、造成巨大的经济损失,而目前针对交通拥堵的措施尚未取得很好的效果。因此,缓解城市交通拥堵问题是目前城市交通研究的重中之重。通过计算机建立模型可以便捷的模拟城市信号控制道路上车辆的运动行为,也是从微观探索城市交通拥堵问题的方向之一,可以对现实的城市交通起到参考作用。本文主要研究工作是对城市信号控制交叉口前路段交通流的建模,以二维OV模型为基础,建立一个可以细致反映路段上车辆相互作用的跟驰换道行为的二维连续性车辆换道模型,通过对路段上车辆运动的仿真,研究车辆跟驰换道行为对交通流的影响。第二章主要介绍了换道模型与跟驰模型的发展。第三章构建了一个改进的双车道车辆跟驰换道模型,以刻画交叉口前路段上的车辆跟驰换道机制及车流宏观特征。借助模型分析了换道车辆比例、换道期望参数和跟驰安全距离等对交通流宏观特征的影响。结果表明:换道车辆比例对通过停车线的进口道流量有负面影响,换道行为次数越多,进口道流量越小。换道期望参数越大,换道成功率越大;当道路拥堵时,增大换道期望会减少进口道流量。增大安全距离,容易提升换道成功率但减小进口道流量,同时促使拥堵发生。第四章在双车道跟驰换道模型的基础上加入右转车道扩展为三车道,同时引入自由换道概率与强制换道概率,建立了三种换道概率模式,自由换道,不换道以及正常换道,并研究三种换道概率模式下车辆的运动行为。模拟结果表明,当道路上车辆不能达到期望速度行驶时,自由换道行为可以对道路上车辆的平均速度起到促进作用;当一条车道车辆可以达到期望速度,而其他车道上车辆不能达到期望速度时,自由换道行为反而会引起该车道上车辆平均速度减小,也就是“快即是慢”现象。交叉口前车辆的强制换道行为会引起车道上车辆的平均速度减小,减小交叉口通行能力。当自由换道意愿大于强制换道意愿时,车辆会产生“插队”现象,减小通过停车线的流量;延长强制换道路段长度可以增加道路上车辆的平均速度。第五章通过实际道路的观测实验对模型准确性进行了验证。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of urbanization, people's living standard is improving, and the number of vehicles on urban roads is increasing rapidly. The problem of urban traffic congestion has become a common phenomenon in Chinese cities. Cause huge economic losses, and the current measures to deal with traffic congestion have not achieved very good results. At present, the most important task of urban traffic research is to alleviate the problem of urban traffic jams. It is convenient to simulate the movement behavior of vehicles on the road by building a model by computer. It is also one of the directions to explore the urban traffic congestion problem from the micro perspective, which can be used as a reference for the actual urban traffic. The main work of this paper is to model the traffic flow in the front section of the intersection controlled by the city signal, based on the two-dimensional OV model. A 2-D continuous vehicle changing model which can reflect the vehicle interaction on the road section is established, and the simulation of the vehicle movement on the road section is carried out. The second chapter mainly introduces the development of the change model and car-following model. In chapter 3, an improved two-lane vehicle following and changing model is constructed. In order to describe the mechanism of vehicle following and changing and the macroscopic characteristics of traffic flow on the front section of intersection, the paper analyzes the proportion of changing vehicles with the aid of the model. The results show that the proportion of changing vehicles has a negative effect on the traffic flow through the stop line, and the more the changing behavior, the more the traffic flow. The smaller the inlet channel flow is, the greater the expected parameters are, the greater the success rate is. When the road is congested, increasing the channel change expectation will reduce the inlet channel flow, increase the safe distance, easy to increase the success rate but reduce the inlet flow rate. At the same time, the congestion occurred. In Chapter 4th, on the basis of the two-lane car-changing model, the right-turn lane was added to the three-lane model, and at the same time, the free change probability and the forced change probability were introduced, and three kinds of change probability modes were established, which were free to change the lane. The movement behavior of vehicles under three probability modes is studied. The simulation results show that when the vehicle on the road can not reach the desired speed, The behavior of free change can promote the average speed of the vehicle on the road; when one lane vehicle can reach the desired speed, and the other lane vehicle can not achieve the desired speed, On the contrary, the behavior of free change will cause the average speed of the vehicle in the lane to decrease, that is, "fast is slow". The forced change of the vehicle in front of the intersection results in the decrease of the average speed of the vehicle on the driveway. Reduce the traffic capacity of intersections. When the free change will be greater than the compulsory change, the vehicle will "jump in line" phenomenon, reduce the flow through the parking line; Prolonging the length of the compulsory changing section can increase the average speed of the vehicle on the road. Chapter 5th verifies the accuracy of the model by the observation experiment of the actual road.
【学位授予单位】：合肥工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491

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