公交车辆站点停靠模型研究

发布时间：2018-02-16 22:11

本文关键词： 公共交通站点停靠公交串车公交驻站公交拒载联合控制　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在中国经济水平迅猛增长的今天,居民生活质量显著提高,购买力大幅度增强,城市小汽车保有量不断增长,随之而来的是城市道路与居民出行之间的供需不平衡。公共交通具有容量大、人均占道面积小的优点,可有效缓解城市道路交通的供需矛盾,近年来公共交通受到国家和各地政府的高度重视,其相关政策法规也逐渐得到完善。现阶段,公交低票价为提升公交吸引力已作出较大贡献,但公交准点率低、服务水平差等实际运营问题导致公交车辆不能满足乘客准时到达目的地的需求,在某种程度上降低了公交吸引力。因此在城市道路资源和公交运力配置一定的条件下,通过不断完善运营状况进而提升公交吸引力缓解道路交通拥挤势在必行。在公交发展日趋精细化的背景下,针对公交运行系统中易出现的公交到站间隔不均匀甚至串车现象,分析其形成机理并总结现有解决方法,选择公交运营优化问题作为研究方向。由于公交车辆在路段上行驶时受路段交通流影响不易采取提速或减速控制,以公交车辆站点停靠问题为研究对象,力求在现有公交设施基础上,通过控制手段改善公交运营状况,以达到提高公交服务水平的目的,提升公交吸引力。首先对公交站点车辆停靠理论进行简单介绍,分析影响公交车辆在公交站点停靠所需时间的因素及影响程度,结合实际调研数据,构建公交车辆站点停靠时间估算模型,验证估算模型的有效性,为选择性拒载控制模型与联合控制模型的构建奠定基础。其次通过对公交串车形成机理的分析和对已有相关研究的对比,采取选择性拒载作为单一控制策略以缓解公交运行秩序较好情况下的公交车辆到站不均匀现象。以均衡控制点处相邻两车头时距为目标,利用选择性拒载控制手段建立车头时距控制模型。对只考虑控制点上下车乘客理想条件进行理论控制策略仿真验证,验证选择性拒载控制策略的理论可行性。考虑公交车辆实际运行状态中乘客在各个站点上下车情况,对控制策略进行实例验证和对比分析。得出选择性拒载控制策略可使公交系统较快地趋于稳定状态,能够有效提高公交系统运行效率的结论。最后针对公交运行状态较为混乱的情况,单一控制手段无法在短时间内达到稳定运行状态,采取驻站与拒载联合控制策略,从减缓快车进程与加快慢车进程两个方面同时改善公交运行状态。将乘客公交出行过程拆分为在车行驶与乘客等待两部分,乘客在车行驶时间等于乘客公交出行距离与行驶速度比值,以所有乘客等待时间总和最小为目标建立目标函数,力求通过联合控制模型使所有乘客等待时间总和最小并进行算例仿真验证对比其控制效果。得出联合控制模型可实现全局最优目标,提高乘客出行效率的结论。
[Abstract]:In Chinese economy rapid growth today, significantly improve the quality of life of the residents, purchasing power greatly enhanced, increasing city car ownership, followed by city residents travel and road between supply and demand imbalance. Public transport has a large capacity per capita for road small area, can effectively alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of city road traffic in recent years, public transportation is highly valued by the state and local governments, the relevant policies and regulations also gradually improved. At present, the bus fares low to enhance the attractiveness of public transport has made great contribution, but the bus punctuality rate is low, the actual operation of poor service levels to meet passenger bus arrival demand on time, to some extent reduce the attractiveness of public transport. Therefore in city road resources and transportation capacity allocation under certain conditions, through continuous improvement of transport The camp situation and thus enhance the attractiveness of public transport to ease traffic congestion in the bus becomes imperative. The refinement of the background, in the bus station interval prone bus system in the operation of uneven and even on the phenomenon, analyze its formation mechanism and summarize the existing solutions, choose bus operation optimization problems as the research direction. Because the vehicle on the bus on the road when traffic flow is not easy to take the effect of acceleration or deceleration control, to the site of bus stopping problem as the research object, based on the existing public transport facilities to improve the public transport operations, by means of control, in order to improve the level of public transport services to enhance the attractiveness of public transport. Firstly introduces vehicle parked bus station the theory, analysis of influence factors in bus bus stop sites required time and the influence, combined with the actual research The construction site data, bus stop time estimation model, verify the validity of the estimation model, lay the foundation for the selective rejection control model is constructed and combined control model. Then based on the bus train formation mechanism and the analysis of existing research comparison, adopt selective rejection as a single control strategy to alleviate the bus station bus good running order under uneven phenomenon. To balance the control points of two adjacent headway as the goal, using the selective rejection control method to establish the headway control model. To consider only the control points for passengers are ideal conditions for theory control strategy simulation, verify the feasibility of the control strategy of selective rejection theory considering the bus. The actual vehicle running passengers at each site to get off, the control strategy analysis and verification and comparison. A selective rejection control strategy can make the bus system quickly tended to be stable and can effectively improve the efficiency of the public transportation system. According to the conclusion more confusion in the operation of the bus, a single control method can not reach stable state in a short period of time, taken in the station and refusing joint control strategy, and improve the bus running from slow fast slow process and accelerate the process of two aspects. The transit trip is split into two parts of driving with passengers in the car waiting for passengers in the car, driving time is equal to the distance of passengers and bus travel speed ratio, with all the passengers waiting time sum is established by minimizing the objective function, strive to make all the passengers waiting control model the sum of the minimum time and the simulation results show that compared to the control effect. That can achieve the global optimal control model The goal is to improve passengers' travel efficiency.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491.17

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