考虑快速公交运行的交通流建模与仿真研究

发布时间：2018-02-22 17:20

本文关键词： 交通流快速公交元胞自动机 MATLAB 建模仿真　出处：《北京交通大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着经济的快速发展,人们收入和生活水平的日益提高,城市机动车保有量的增长迅猛,城市交通出行大量增长,交通拥堵、环境污染等城市交通问题日趋严重,已成为制约城市发展的重要瓶颈。快速公交系统是当前国际工程界为解决城市交通问题而大力推广的一种公共交通模式,它的出现为解决我国各大城市日益严峻的交通问题带来了契机。本文在对现有经典交通流模型进行总体分析的基础上,结合我国城市交通混合交通流特点,考虑车型特殊,体积较大的快速公交车辆在交通流中混行的因素,重新标定元胞长度,运行车速和加速规则,制定车道转换规则,建立了考虑BRT特性的模型,并基于Matlab软件平台进行了仿真,结合实例分析了模型的有效性。论文主要包括以下几方面的内容：(1)分析了快速公交的特性,总结了快速公交的组成要素,指出其特征和优势所在。(2)剖析了跟车行为,根据非线性刺激反应理论得出加速度,考虑超长型BRT公交专用车对路段交通流的影响,并调整了NS模型,引入平均车距、车道占有率等参数,对该改进后的模型进行了MATLAB仿真实现。在自由运动相,密度相同时,路段交通流不受车辆长度的影响；在阻塞相,密度相同时,BRT公交专用车比小汽车更容易发生局部堵塞,堵塞向后传播的速度也更快,时走停时现象发生的概率也更高。当车道占有率相同时,小汽车的总流量比BRT公交专用车大,速度下降也比较快。考虑到BRT公交专用车长度太长,对交通流的有较大影响,在实际交通中,在不同路段制定差异化的运行规则。(3)加入了换道规则,构建了有公交专用车道情况下的多车道交通流模型,并通过仿真得到小汽车可以进入公交专用车道和小汽车禁止进入公交专用车道两种交通管理措施下的时空图和车道占有率变化图,对比分析了两种措施对交通流的影响效果。在实际交通中应该不同时段车流量的不同,制定出可行的运行措施,这样才能够提高车道的利用率,减少拥堵,降低排放,改善环境状况。(4)采集了北京市快速公交1线所经路段实际交通流数据,对数据进行统计分布,得出社会车道小汽车和常规公交车的到达分布为二项分布,公交专用车道的快速公交车到达分布为泊松分布。应用模型对车流实现仿真,分析其交通特性。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy, people's income and living standard are improving day by day, the number of urban motor vehicles is increasing rapidly, the urban traffic travel is increasing a lot, traffic congestion, environmental pollution and other urban traffic problems are becoming more and more serious. Bus rapid transit system (BRT) is one of the most popular modes of public transport in the international engineering community to solve the urban traffic problems. The emergence of it brings an opportunity to solve the increasingly serious traffic problems in the major cities of China. Based on the overall analysis of the existing classical traffic flow models and combined with the characteristics of the mixed traffic flow of urban traffic in China, the special type of traffic model is considered in this paper. The factors of mass transit vehicles mixed in traffic flow, recalibrating cell length, running speed and acceleration rules, formulating lane transition rules, establishing a model considering the characteristics of BRT, and simulating based on Matlab software platform are presented. The paper analyzes the characteristics of BRT, summarizes the elements of BRT, points out the characteristics and advantages of BRT, points out its characteristics and advantages, and analyzes the behavior of BRT. According to the theory of nonlinear stimulus response, the acceleration is obtained, the influence of extra long BRT bus special vehicle on the traffic flow is considered, and the NS model is adjusted to introduce the average vehicle distance, lane occupancy and other parameters. The improved model is implemented by MATLAB simulation. When the free movement phase and density are the same, the traffic flow is not affected by the length of the vehicle, and when the density is the same, the traffic flow of the BRT bus is more likely to occur local congestion than the car. The speed of blocking back propagation is also faster, and the probability of stoppage is also higher. When the lane share is the same, the total flow of cars is larger than that of BRT bus, and the speed drops faster. Considering that the length of BRT bus is too long, It has a great influence on the traffic flow. In the actual traffic, the traffic flow model with multi-lane traffic flow with special bus lanes is constructed by adding the changing rules into the different sections of traffic. And through simulation, the space-time map and lane occupancy change chart of two traffic management measures, namely, the car can enter the special bus lane and the car is forbidden to enter the bus special lane, are obtained. The effect of two kinds of measures on traffic flow is compared and analyzed. In the actual traffic, the traffic flow should be different in different periods, and the feasible operation measures should be worked out in order to improve the utilization ratio of the lane, reduce congestion and reduce the emission. Improve the environmental condition.) collect the actual traffic flow data of the section of Beijing bus Rapid Transit Line 1, and carry on the statistical distribution of the data, and get that the arrival distribution of the social driveway car and the conventional bus is binomial distribution. The fast bus arrival distribution of the special bus lane is Poisson distribution. The traffic characteristics are analyzed by using the model to simulate the traffic flow.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U491.112

【相似文献】