基于视觉及认知的驾驶模拟器图像标定方法

发布时间：2018-02-25 03:25

本文关键词： 交通工程标定方法相似三角形原理视觉特性虚拟图像驾驶模拟器　出处：《中国公路学报》2017年01期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：为了提高多通道图像显示技术驾驶模拟器三维虚拟图像成像的逼真性,针对驾驶模拟器三维虚拟图像中物体的空间尺寸与驾驶人的视觉特性,对驾驶模拟器图像标定方法进行了研究。采用相似三角形原理,以几何相似关系进行数学推导,得出驾驶模拟器三维虚拟图像成像理论值。设计驾驶模拟器三维虚拟图像标定样板,标定样板以设定半径的圆面为核心,圆心设置为驾驶人双眼视点位置,圆弧面上设置6根直立标杆,圆面上设置3个符合中国国家标准的道路交通标志牌,利用驾驶模拟器虚拟成像软件将标定样板制成三维虚拟图像并投射到驾驶模拟器投影屏幕上。通过实际测量驾驶模拟器投影屏幕上的标杆间距、标杆长度、标杆底部到地面距离、驾驶人能够看清交通标志牌的距离,对比分析实际测量数值与理论值的差异,调整驾驶模拟器投影视点、投影仪缩放比例、视屏距离等参数以及驾驶模拟器成像硬件设备,完成对驾驶模拟器三维虚拟图像物体空间尺寸的标定。研究结果表明:驾驶模拟器通过该方法标定后,驾驶人在驾驶舱中看到的虚拟图像物体的尺寸大小(水平和垂直方向)与在现实中同样条件下看到的基本一致,对虚拟图像的视认距离也与现实中的视距基本一致,增加了虚拟场景的真实感和认知感。
[Abstract]:In order to improve the lifelike of 3D virtual image imaging of driving simulator, the spatial size of object and the visual characteristics of driver in the 3D virtual image of driving simulator are studied. The image calibration method of driving simulator is studied. The theoretical value of 3D virtual image imaging of driving simulator is obtained. The calibration template of 3D virtual image of driving simulator is designed. The core of calibration template is the circle plane with the radius set, and the center of the driving simulator is set as the viewpoint position of the driver's eyes. Six vertical poles were set on the arc surface and three road traffic signs conforming to the Chinese national standards were set on the circular surface. Using the virtual imaging software of driving simulator, the calibration template is made into 3D virtual image and projected onto the projection screen of driving simulator. The distance and length of benchmarking on the projection screen of driving simulator are measured. The distance from the bottom of the benchmark to the ground, the driver can see clearly the distance of the traffic sign, compare and analyze the difference between the actual measurement value and the theoretical value, adjust the projection viewpoint of the driving simulator, and scale the projector. The parameters such as screen distance and the imaging hardware of driving simulator are used to calibrate the spatial size of 3D virtual image of driving simulator. The results show that the driving simulator is calibrated by this method. The size (horizontal and vertical) of the virtual image object seen by the driver in the cockpit is basically the same as that seen under the same conditions in reality, and the visual recognition distance of the virtual image is basically the same as the visual distance in reality. It increases the sense of reality and cognition of the virtual scene.
【作者单位】：昆明理工大学交通工程学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(71261012)
【分类号】：U491

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