可变线路式公交运营调度与模式优化研究

发布时间：2018-02-26 16:10

本文关键词： 弹性公交可变线路式公交车辆调度不稳定客流可靠性仿真实验运营优化　出处：《东南大学》2015年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,我国城市小汽车拥有量迅猛增长,机动化水平逐步提高,但城市公共交通服务水平仍较为低下,城市公共交通在与私人交通方式的竞争中处于劣势,城市交通出行需求与交通供给之间的矛盾越发突出,城市交通拥堵与交通碳排放问题日益严重。实现居民出行方式向公共交通方式转移是缓解交通拥堵问题、发展低碳出行、促进整个城市可持续发展的主要途径。我国已经进入城市化加速发展的时期,人口的都市化和城市绵延现象越来越广泛。在城市郊区等公交出行需求密度较低且分散的地区,若想通过常规公交运营模式达到城市内部公共交通系统的服务水平,则需要投入更多的运营成本,不可避免地造成运力浪费和公交企业效益的下降。发展新型弹性公交系统,尤其是可变线路式公交模式,是解决低出行密度地区公交服务问题的有效途径,对于提升公共交通吸引力、缓解城市交通拥堵、建设低碳交通具有重要的实践意义。本文选取可变线路式公交系统作为切入点,重点研究了其车辆调度和运营模式优化的相关问题,论文的主要内容包括：1)通过分析可变线路式公交系统的运营特征,提出了一种服务预约需求和实时需求的可变线路式公交车辆调度模型,实质上是一类两阶段车辆调度模型：处理预约需求的静态调度模型为第一阶段模型,而处理实时需求的动态调度模型为第二阶段模型。这种两阶段调度模型拓展了可变线路式公交的服务范围,打破了现有车辆调度模型的局限性,相较于单纯的静态调度模型和动态调度模型无疑更具有实用性。2)将服务质量函数作为评估公交运营模式的依据,利用理论模型和仿真模型评估常规公交和可变线路式公交两种模式下的服务水平,提出了一种服务模式选择方法。该方法考虑了需求响应类乘客的波动和实际运营时的不稳定客流,获得了两种运行模式的临界转换需求密度,当实际密度低于该临界值时,可变线路式公交运行模式表现更佳。该方法在能够帮助交通工程师判断合适的公交运营模式,提升可变线路式公交的可操作性。3)提出了一种可变线路式公交服务票价制订方法,与常规公交模式下宏观票价制订方法不同,该方法考虑了不同类型乘客实际接受的服务水平,所提出的票价结构能够反映出各乘客组的公交服务价值,为交通工程师制订更为合理和公平的票价制度提供了一种新思路。4)针对可变线路式公交运营中由于松弛时间限制导致乘客拒绝的问题,提出了一种动态站点策略,即利用临时站点为被拒绝乘客提供高质量出行服务的方法。基于实例的仿真结果表明,动态站点策略在实际客流超过服务能力的情况可以有效提升系统服务水平,乘客出行成本可以降低30%以上,该方法在其他类型的弹性公交服务中同样可以发挥作用,显著增强了弹性公交服务可靠性。5)基于Google Maps设计了一种新型可变线路式公交调度系统,该系统依托谷歌地图的强大性能,实现了路网数据、路况数据与车辆调度操作的高度融合,大幅提升了可变线路式公交系统的运营可靠性,为可变线路式公交车辆调度系统的开发提供了一种新思路。本论文从可变线路式公交系统的车辆调度和运营模式入手,进行可变线路式公交的优化设计。推动我国弹性公交出行服务的发展,这对于提高我国公共交通服务水平、增强公交吸引力、缓解城市交通拥堵问题有着重要的现实意义。
[Abstract]:In recent years, our country city car ownership increases rapidly, motorization level increases gradually, but the city public transportation service level is still relatively low, city public transportation and private transportation in competitive disadvantage, the contradiction between city traffic demand and traffic supply is becoming more and more serious, city traffic congestion and traffic emissions problems serious. Realize the residents travel mode to public traffic mode transfer is to alleviate the traffic congestion problem, the development of low-carbon travel, the main way to promote the city sustainable development. China has entered a period of accelerated development of the city, the population urbanization and city stretches phenomenon more and more widely. In the suburbs of the city bus travel demand low density scattered areas, to achieve the city public traffic system through the conventional operation mode of the public transportation service level, you need to invest more The operation cost, decrease inevitably causes the waste of capacity and transit enterprises benefit. New flexible transit system development, especially the variable line bus mode, is an effective way to solve the problem of low density of travel bus service area, to enhance the attractiveness of public transport to ease traffic congestion in the city, has the important practical significance of the construction of low carbon transportation in this paper. Select the type variable line bus system as a starting point, focus on the optimization of vehicle scheduling and operation mode of the related problems, the main contents of this paper include: 1) through the analysis of operating characteristics of variable line bus system, proposes a variable line booking service demand and the real-time demand of bus vehicle scheduling model, essence is a two stage vehicle scheduling model: static scheduling model to deal with booking requirement for the first phase model, and the real-time processing demand Dynamic scheduling model for the second stage model. The two stage scheduling model to expand the variable line bus service scope, breaking the limitations of the existing vehicle scheduling model, compared to the static scheduling model and dynamic scheduling model is simply more practical.2) will function as a service quality evaluation model based on bus operation, evaluation of conventional bus and variable line bus under the two modes of service level using the theoretical model and simulation model, proposes a service model selection method. This method considers the unstable passenger demand response passenger fluctuation and the actual operation, the two operation modes of critical transition density when the actual demand. The density is below the critical value, the variable line bus operation mode better performance. This method can help in traffic engineers to determine the appropriate mode of public transport operations, provided L variable line bus operational.3) method is proposed to formulate a variable line bus fares and bus fare, macro mode for different methods, taking into account of the different types of passengers actually accept the service level, the fare structure proposed can reflect the passenger group bus service value it provides a new idea for the.4 fair and reasonable fare system for traffic engineers) for making variable line type bus operation due to relaxation time because of the limitation of the passengers refused to issue, we propose a dynamic site strategy, namely the use of temporary methods to provide high quality travel services for passengers. The case was rejected the simulation results show that based on the dynamic web site strategy over service capabilities in the actual traffic situation can effectively enhance the service level of passenger travel cost can be reduced to 30% On the bus service in the elastic method can also play a role in other types, enhance the elasticity of transit service reliability.5) the design of a new type of variable line bus scheduling system based on Google Maps, the strong performance of the system based on Google map, the road network data, traffic data fusion and vehicle dispatching operation, greatly enhance the operational reliability of the bus system variable line, provides a new way for the development of bus dispatching system variable line. This thesis starts from the bus system variable line vehicle scheduling and operation mode, optimization design of variable line bus. To promote the development of China's flexible bus services this, to improve the level of public transport services, to enhance the attractiveness of public transport, has important practical significance to alleviate the city traffic congestion.

【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.17

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