考虑环境成本的集装箱航运网络设计研究

发布时间：2018-03-03 01:27

本文选题：环境成本　切入点：轴辐式网络　出处：《大连海事大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：全球经济一体化的迅速发展促进了国际贸易量的激增,带动了航运业的繁荣发展。集装箱运输以其高效、便捷、安全、廉价的特点成为最主要的海上运输方式。随着集装箱船舶大型化,集装箱港口深水化和现代化的发展,轴辐式航运网络成为航运企业和班轮公司最常使用的航运网络结构。集装箱轴辐式航运网络的优势在于能够产生巨大的规模经济效益,显著地降低航运网络的运输成本。在集装箱运输蓬勃发展的同时,海上运输环境污染问题逐渐凸显。一直以来,海上运输都被认为是最清洁的运输方式。然而近年来的统计数据表明海上运输过程中产生的船舶废气量不容忽视,仅二氧化碳一项就占全球二氧化碳排放总量的6%,船舶排放废气量更是随着海上贸易的增长逐年攀升,海上运输废气排放已成为全球主要的废气污染排放源。海上运输环境问题正在引起全世界的关注。在绿色航运的背景下,欧盟已提出对航海碳排放征税；在硫排放方面,也已设置“低硫区”限制航海硫排放。相关环保组织也相继出台海上运输环保政策控制海上运输环境污染问题。在此背景下,本文构建了考虑环境成本的集装箱轴辐式航运网络模型。该模型以传统的轴辐式航运网络为基础,综合考虑规模经济效应和环境成本的影响,将环境成本引入到综合运输成本中去,在整个航运网络中达到包括环境成本在内的运输成本最小的目标。本文得出的重要结论主要有：环境成本影响轴辐式航运网络的结构,在进行航运网络设计时考虑环境成本是非常必要的；枢纽港的个数影响轴辐式集装箱航运网络的总成本,航运网络总成本随着枢纽港个数的增多而减少；环境成本在集装箱航运网络总成本中占有较高的比重,随着海上环保政策的日益严格及航海碳税的出台,航运企业应给与高度重视。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of global economic integration has promoted the surge of international trade and the prosperity of shipping industry. Container transportation is efficient, convenient and safe. As container ships become larger, container ports become deepwater and modern. The axis-spoke shipping network has become the most commonly used shipping network structure for shipping companies and liner companies. The advantage of the container axle-spoke shipping network is that it can produce huge economies of scale. Reduce the transportation cost of shipping network significantly. With the development of container transportation, the environmental pollution problem of maritime transportation is becoming more and more serious. Maritime transport is considered to be the cleanest mode of transport. However, statistics in recent years have shown that the amount of ship exhaust produced during maritime transport should not be ignored. Carbon dioxide alone accounts for 6 percent of the world's total carbon dioxide emissions, and the volume of ship emissions is rising year by year with the growth of maritime trade. Emissions from marine transport have become the main source of exhaust gas pollution in the world. Environmental problems in maritime transport are attracting worldwide attention. In the context of green shipping, the European Union has proposed a tax on carbon emissions from navigation; and on sulfur emissions, "low sulfur zones" have also been set up to limit the discharge of sulfur from navigation. Relevant environmental protection organizations have also issued policies to control environmental pollution in maritime transport. In this context, In this paper, a container axis-spoke shipping network model considering environmental cost is constructed. The model is based on the traditional axle-spoke shipping network and considers the effects of economies of scale and environmental costs. The environmental cost is introduced into the integrated transportation cost to achieve the goal of minimum transportation cost including environmental cost in the whole shipping network. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: environmental cost affects the structure of the axle-spoke shipping network. It is very necessary to consider the environmental cost in the design of shipping network, the number of hub ports affects the total cost of axle-spoke container shipping network, and the total cost of shipping network decreases with the increase of the number of hub ports. The environmental cost occupies a high proportion in the total cost of container shipping network. With the increasingly strict policy of marine environmental protection and the introduction of maritime carbon tax shipping enterprises should attach great importance to it.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U695.22

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