基于双层规划模型的城市公交最优收费结构研究

发布时间：2018-03-06 07:20

本文选题：城市公共交通　切入点：定价机制　出处：《东南大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在“公交优先”和“大力发展公共交通”等国家战略的指导下,在现有的路网和公交网络系统下,如何利用城市公共交通最优价格策略来提高交通资源配置效率,已成为城市公交运营实践和公交规划与管理理论研究的热点问题。城市公共交通票制与票价水平是城市公共交通系统的重要组成部分,其决定了城市公共交通的分担率,是影响人们的出行选择和公共交通系统供需平衡的直接的因素之一。公交票价结构和水平的不合理将导致公交客流分配和公交资源配置的失衡,影响公交系统的可持续发展。本文将以城市公交系统中“最优票价收费结构”为主线,以公交票价结构为主要研究对象,建立科学合理的城市公共交通最优定价和补贴评价模型,为城市公交定价和补贴机制提供新思路和新方法。本文首先详细阐述了城市公共交通系统的定义与组成,并分析了城市公共交通的七大产业特性,并以此为基础确立了公交定价与补贴的原则,并归纳整理了被广泛运用的城市公共交通票价制定方法,对基于我国国情的补贴方式进行了讨论。通过对城市公交定价与补贴过程中参与主体讨论,本文引入了博弈论的概念来描述参与主体之间的行为。其次,本文对现有的城市公共交通票制模式进行了讨论和总结。公交票制主要分为单一票制和多级票制两大类,其中多级票制有根据乘客的出行距离、途径区域、旅行时间和公交车辆的服务水平等分为不同的收费结构。在对现有公交票价结构优劣进行分析的基础上,本文提出了一种全新的基于乘客起讫点直线距离的收费结构。第三,在双层模型中,上层模型描述了城市公交定价与补贴的博弈过程,下层模型则是乘客对某一票价结构和票价水平的反应。本文采用基于路径的Logit客流分配模型,其客流分配结果也是评价公交票制和水平的重要指标。本文取得的主要研究成果包括：利用双层规划理论和委托-代理理论描述政府、企业和乘客间三方博弈的过程；提出了一种基于乘客出行路径的Logit分配模型,充分考虑公交路段间不同公交路线的异质性,适用于现有的非线性票价结构；本文利用双层规划模型对不同收费结构下的最优票价水平和企业财政和补贴效果进行了分析,并用实例证明了基于O-D距离收费结构的优势和可行性。
[Abstract]:Under the guidance of national strategies such as "public transport priority" and "vigorously developing public transport", how to use the optimal price strategy of urban public transport to improve the efficiency of transportation resources allocation under the existing road network and public transport network system, The ticket system and ticket price level of urban public transport is an important part of urban public transport system, which determines the share rate of urban public transport. It is one of the direct factors that influence people's travel choice and public transportation system supply and demand balance. The unreasonable structure and level of bus fare will lead to the imbalance of bus passenger flow distribution and bus resource allocation. This paper will take the "optimal fare structure" as the main line, and take the bus fare structure as the main research object. A scientific and reasonable evaluation model of urban public transport optimal pricing and subsidy is established to provide new ideas and methods for urban public transport pricing and subsidy mechanism. Firstly, the definition and composition of urban public transport system are described in detail in this paper. Based on the analysis of the seven industrial characteristics of urban public transport, the principles of public transport pricing and subsidy are established, and the widely used methods of pricing urban public transport fares are summarized. This paper discusses the subsidy methods based on the national conditions of our country. Through the discussion of the participants in the process of pricing and subsidizing urban public transport, this paper introduces the concept of game theory to describe the behavior between the participants. This paper discusses and summarizes the existing urban public transport ticket system. The bus ticket system is divided into two categories: single ticket system and multistage ticket system. Travel time and bus service level are divided into different toll structures. Based on the analysis of the existing bus fare structure, this paper proposes a new toll structure based on the straight line distance between the passenger and the destination. In the bilevel model, the upper layer model describes the game process of city bus pricing and subsidy, while the lower layer model is the passenger response to a certain fare structure and fare level. In this paper, the Logit passenger flow allocation model based on path is used. The result of passenger flow distribution is also an important index to evaluate the bus ticket system and level. The main research achievements in this paper include: using the theory of bilevel programming and principal-agent theory to describe the process of tripartite game among government, enterprise and passenger; A Logit assignment model based on passenger travel path is proposed, which fully considers the heterogeneity of different bus routes between public transport sections and is suitable for the existing nonlinear fare structure. In this paper, the optimal fare levels and the financial and subsidy effects of enterprises under different fee structures are analyzed by using the bilevel programming model. The advantages and feasibility of the O-D distance toll structure are proved by an example.
【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.17

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