基于磁阻传感器的无线车辆检测系统研究与设计

发布时间：2018-03-08 00:04

本文选题：磁阻传感器　切入点：车辆检测系统　出处：《重庆理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：智能交通系统是提高交通运输效率、改善城市拥堵情况最有效的措施,车辆检测系统作为交通参数获取的最前端,为智能交通系统的科学调度提供最直接有效的参数依据,是发展智能交通系统过程中必须解决的一个关键技术。由于传统的车辆检测技术存在检测精度低、布线不便、成本较高等缺陷,非常不利于智能交通系统的大范围应用,因此,研究一种安装方便、检测精度高、成本低的无线车辆检测器代替传统的检测器是十分必要的。在对所有车辆检测技术的优缺点进行深入分析比较后发现,基于磁阻传感器的车辆检测技术在组网、成本、精度和使用环境上都有明显的优势。然而,磁阻车辆检测技术尚处于研究阶段,应用不够广泛,所以,开展基于磁阻传感器的无线车辆检测系统研究对智能交通系统的发展有着非常重要的意义。具体来说,本文从以下四个方面开展了相关研究:第一,通过分析城市交通现状和比较各类车辆检测技术的优缺点,明确了基于磁阻车辆检测技术的绝对优势和可行性,同时,对磁阻效应、磁阻车辆检测原理、ZigBee无线传输技术、GPRS通信技术和软/硬件抗干扰技术展开了仔细的研究和详细的叙述。第二,通过对系统总体需求分析,确定了基于磁阻传感器的无线车辆检测系统的总体方案,本着低功耗、低成本、高精度、抗干扰的原则,实现了检测节点、上位节点、协调器、无线收发模块的硬件电路设计。第三,根据磁阻传感器输出信号的特性以及影响检测精度的几大因素,提出了温度补偿型自适应阈值的有限状态机车辆存在算法,不但实现了基准值和阈值实时在线更新,而且避免了温漂导致系统检测精度下降的问题;同时,还研究了基于双传感器的上位机车速检测算法,该算法无需时间同步就能够完成车速的准确检测。此外,对时间占有率、车型分类等交通参数也开展了试探性研究。第四,将车辆检测系统安装于交通道路,对系统的最佳工作环境进行了测试,并完成了车流量、车速、时间占有率、车型分类等交通参数的实时检测,实验结果证明,该系统的检测精度较高,基本达到了预期目标,可以应用于智能交通系统中,具有良好的应用前景。
[Abstract]:Intelligent Transportation system (its) is the most effective measure to improve traffic efficiency and urban congestion. As the front end of obtaining traffic parameters, vehicle detection system provides the most direct and effective parameter basis for the scientific dispatch of its. It is a key technology that must be solved in the process of developing intelligent transportation system. Because the traditional vehicle detection technology has the defects of low detection precision, inconvenient wiring and high cost, it is very unfavorable to the wide application of intelligent transportation system. It is very necessary to study a wireless vehicle detector which is easy to install, high precision and low cost to replace the traditional detector. After analyzing and comparing the advantages and disadvantages of all the vehicle detection techniques, it is found that, The vehicle detection technology based on the magnetoresistive sensor has obvious advantages in networking, cost, precision and using environment. However, the MRV detection technology is still in the research stage and is not widely used, so, The research of wireless vehicle detection system based on magnetoresistive sensor is of great significance to the development of intelligent transportation system. Specifically, this paper has carried out the related research from the following four aspects: first, By analyzing the present situation of urban traffic and comparing the advantages and disadvantages of all kinds of vehicle detection technologies, the absolute advantages and feasibility of the detection technology based on magnetoresistive vehicles are defined. At the same time, the magnetoresistive effect is analyzed. ZigBee wireless transmission technology GPRS communication technology and software / hardware anti-jamming technology are studied and described in detail. The overall scheme of wireless vehicle detection system based on magnetoresistive sensor is determined. Based on the principle of low power consumption, low cost, high precision and anti-interference, the detection node, upper node and coordinator are realized. The hardware circuit design of wireless transceiver module. Thirdly, according to the characteristics of the output signal of the magnetoresistive sensor and several factors that affect the detection accuracy, an algorithm for the existence of FSM vehicle based on the adaptive threshold of temperature compensation is proposed. It not only realizes the real-time online updating of the datum and threshold, but also avoids the problem that temperature drift leads to the deterioration of the detection accuracy of the system. At the same time, it also studies the speed detection algorithm of the upper computer based on two sensors. The algorithm can detect the vehicle speed accurately without time synchronization. In addition, a tentative study on the traffic parameters such as time occupancy, vehicle classification and other traffic parameters is carried out. 4th, the vehicle detection system is installed on the traffic road. The optimal working environment of the system is tested, and the real-time detection of traffic parameters, such as traffic flow, speed, time occupation rate, vehicle classification and so on, is completed. The experimental results show that the detection accuracy of the system is relatively high, and the system has basically reached the expected goal. It can be used in intelligent transportation system and has a good application prospect.
【学位授予单位】：重庆理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U495

【参考文献】