城市轨道交通接运公交线网优化模型与算法研究

发布时间：2018-03-08 11:26

本文选题：城市轨道交通　切入点：接运公交　出处：《兰州交通大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：接运公交是为城市轨道交通集散客流的一种常规公交,与城市轨道交通相互衔接、相互配合,共同构成城市轨道交通——接运公交系统。实现城市轨道交通和接运公交的有机衔接,使两者发挥各自的优势,对提升城市客运交通系统的运输服务水平有着重要意义。鉴于此,许多学者对接运公交网络设计问题(Feeder Bus Network Design Problem,FBNDP)进行了大量深入的研究,主要表现在两个方面:接运公交线路的生成研究和接运公交时刻表的优化研究。目前,国内对于FBNDP问题的研究,较多只局限在对接运公交线路生成问题的研究,尚少考虑接运公交时刻表的衔接优化。因此,本文同时考虑接运公交线路的生成和时刻表的优化,对FBNDP问题进行研究,以期为接运公交与轨道交通的高效衔接提供理论参考。论文的研究主要分为如下几个部分:(1)城市轨道交通——接运公交系统的特性分析研究。分析了轨道交通和常规公交的技术经济特性以及相互之间的关系,两者之间相互配合,各自发挥自身的优势特点,从而形成高效衔接的城市轨道交通——接运公交系统;并对该系统的客流特征和乘客的出行特性等服务特性进行了探讨,对不同接运模式下乘客出行成本进行了量化分析。(2)接运公交候选线路集生成研究。首先提出了基于聚散效应的吸引范围计算模型,以确定接运公交的服务范围;其次,分析了影响吸引范围内的接运需求站点选取的主要影响因素;最后,在给定接运需求点的条件下,提出了接运公交候选线路集的生成方法,该方法是以高需求的站点作为接运线路的终端站点,利用K短路算法来生成轨道站点到各终端站点之间的线路集。(3)接运公交线网优化研究。首先,分析了线网优化的目标和约束,考虑乘客换乘时间这一重要因素,在此基础上,建立了以乘客出行时间成本和公交运营成本之和最小的优化模型,并设计了求解该模型的遗传算法,求解可同时得到接运公交线路和公交发车频率;其次,由于生成的线路中可能存在不合理的线路或站点时,对此提出了线路调整的启发式算法以调整不合理的线路或站点,从而生成最终的优化线路;当线路被调整后,原先线路的公交发车频率被清除,因此提出了接运公交时刻表优化模型来重新产生公交发车频率,从而得到接运公交发车时刻表。最后通过算例验证了接运公交线网的优化过程。接运公交线网优化问题的研究对城市公共交通一体化的发展有着重要的意义。本论文对接运公交线网优化问题进行了研究,在一定程度上为城市轨道交通与常规公交的优化衔接提供了参考依据。
[Abstract]:Bus transportation is a kind of routine public transport for the distribution of passengers in urban rail transit, which connects with urban rail transit and coordinates with each other. It is of great significance to realize the organic connection between urban rail transit and public transport, to make both of them exert their respective advantages and to improve the transport service level of urban passenger transport system. Many scholars have done a lot of in-depth research on the design of bus network, Feeder Bus Network Design problem (FBNDPN), mainly in two aspects: the generation of transit lines and the optimization of bus timetables. Domestic research on FBNDP problem is limited to the generation of bus routes, and little consideration has been given to the optimization of bus timetables. Therefore, this paper also considers the generation of bus lines and the optimization of timetable. To study the FBNDP problem, In order to provide a theoretical reference for the efficient connection between public transport and rail transit, the research of this paper is mainly divided into the following parts: 1) the characteristics of urban rail transit-transit system are analyzed, and the characteristics of rail transit and rail transit are analyzed. The technical and economic characteristics of public transport and the relationship between them, They cooperate with each other and give full play to their own advantages, so as to form a highly efficient urban rail transit and transit system, and discuss the service characteristics of the system, such as passenger flow characteristics and passenger travel characteristics. In this paper, the passenger travel cost under different transportation modes is analyzed quantitatively. The generation of bus candidate line sets is studied. Firstly, a computational model of attraction range based on aggregation effect is proposed to determine the service range of transit service. This paper analyzes the main factors that affect the selection of transportation demand stations in the area of attraction. Finally, under the condition of given the demand points for transportation, the method of generating candidate line sets for transit transportation is proposed. In this method, the high-demand stations are used as the terminal stations to connect the lines, and the K-short circuit algorithm is used to generate the line set between the rail stations and the terminal stations. This paper analyzes the objectives and constraints of line network optimization, considers the important factor of passenger transfer time, and establishes an optimization model based on the sum of passenger travel time cost and bus operation cost. A genetic algorithm is designed to solve the model, which can get the bus route and bus departure frequency simultaneously. Secondly, when there may be unreasonable lines or stations in the generated lines, In this paper, a heuristic algorithm of line adjustment is proposed to adjust unreasonable lines or stations, so as to generate the final optimized line. When the line is adjusted, the bus departure frequency of the original line is eliminated. Therefore, an optimization model of bus timetables is proposed to regenerate the bus departure frequency. Finally, the optimization process of bus network is verified by an example. The research on the optimization of transit network is of great significance to the development of urban public transport integration. In this paper, the optimization problem of docking transit network is studied. To a certain extent, it provides a reference for the optimal connection between urban rail transit and conventional public transport.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U12

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