交叉口停靠站条件下公交信号优先控制策略研究

发布时间：2018-03-09 06:18

本文选题：公交信号优先　切入点：停靠站　出处：《长安大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：交通拥堵一直是困扰世界各国城市的主要难题,在全球倡导节能减排的今天,公交优先被认为是缓解城市交通问题,提高交通运输效率,促进交通与城市可持续发展的重要手段。在我国及众多发展中国家的城市,地面常规公交系统承担着城市客运的主力,在公交系统的总体服务水平和运行可靠度较差,公交吸引力较低且改善手段又相对有限,而专用道、场站等公交优先基础设施得到大力发展的情况下,公交信号优先控制理论的研究极具现实意义。论文首先提出交叉口处公交停靠站的布设位置会影响到公交信号优先控制策略的实施效果,然后对停靠站的设置位置进行分类并据此分析其相应的停靠行为特性。对比分析停靠站位于路段和交叉口上对交通的影响,并以西安市小寨区域58处公交停靠站的实际布设位置为例,认为公交停靠站应考虑设置在交叉口附近。将停靠站和交叉口作为一个整体统筹考虑,无论从理论分析、数据模拟还是工程规范角度来说,在满足用地条件的前提下,交叉口下游停靠站均优于上游停靠站。公交信号优先控制策略中,在综合考虑交叉口下游停靠站车辆排队和公交运行状态的相互影响的情况下,建立了公交信号优先配时优化模型和公交优先申请生成模型。公交信号优先配时优化模型以英国的Webster法为基础,在考虑客流量的情况下,以交叉口人均延误最小为目标函数,按照客流量的比例确定绿信比,并对各相位各进口道的饱和度取临界限值,确定交叉口科学合理的信号控制优化方案。在此基础上,根据下游停靠站排队是否“溢出”和公交车辆到站时间是否“早到”分别作为排队条件和准点条件,判断是否给予该公交车优先权,并对公交车辆采取相应的控制策略,其中公交到站时间预测模型是系统判断的关键。最后,论文以西安市雁塔路-育才路交叉口及其下游的停靠站为例,模拟北进口到达的公交车流,采用数学计算的方法,对本文提出的配时优化模型和公交信号优先的控制策略进行验证分析。目标交叉口各项延误的降低和公交车辆到站时间时刻表偏移值的缩短,证明了该控制策略的可行性和有效性。
[Abstract]:Traffic congestion has always been a major problem for cities all over the world. Today, when the world advocates energy saving and emission reduction, bus priority is regarded as alleviating urban traffic problems and improving transportation efficiency. In the cities of our country and many developing countries, the ground routine public transport system is the main force of urban passenger transport, and the overall service level and operation reliability of the public transport system is poor. Public transport is less attractive and has relatively limited means of improvement, while public transport priority infrastructure, such as dedicated lanes and bus stops, has been greatly developed. It is of great practical significance to study the theory of bus signal priority control. Firstly, the paper puts forward that the location of bus stop at intersection will affect the effect of bus signal priority control strategy. Then the location of the stop is classified and the corresponding behavior characteristics of the stop are analyzed. The influence of the parking station on the traffic on the road section and the intersection is compared and analyzed. Taking the actual location of 58 bus stops in Xiaozhai area of Xi'an as an example, it is considered that the bus stop should be located near the intersection. The parking station and intersection are considered as a whole, regardless of the theoretical analysis. From the point of view of data simulation or engineering specification, under the premise of satisfying the condition of land use, the downstream stop of intersection is superior to the upstream stop. Considering the interaction between vehicle queuing and bus operation at the downstream stop of intersection, The optimization model of bus signal priority timing and the generation model of bus priority application are established. The model is based on the British Webster method and takes the minimum delay per person at intersection as the objective function under the consideration of passenger flow. The green signal ratio is determined according to the proportion of passenger flow, and the critical limit value of saturation of each phase entrance channel is taken, and the scientific and reasonable signal control optimization scheme of intersection is determined. According to whether the queue at the downstream stop is "overflow" or not and whether the bus arrival time is "early" as the queuing condition and the punctuality condition, it is judged whether to give the bus priority or not, and the corresponding control strategy is adopted to the public transport vehicle. The prediction model of bus arrival time is the key to the system judgment. Finally, taking the intersection of Yanta Road and Yucai Road in Xi'an City as an example, the paper simulates the bus flow arriving at the north entrance and adopts the method of mathematical calculation. The optimal timing model and the bus signal priority control strategy proposed in this paper are verified and analyzed. The delay at the target intersection is reduced and the deviation of the bus arrival time table is shortened. The feasibility and effectiveness of the control strategy are proved.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.54

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