中心城区公交专用道布局优化模型研究

发布时间：2018-03-11 11:47

本文选题：公交专用道　切入点：公交比例　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：经济的飞速发展导致机动车呈爆发式增长的态势,交通拥堵成为我国城市的通病。公交车相对于小汽车具有人均道路占有率小、人均能耗小等优点,引导居民选择公交车出行对于缓解交通拥堵具有积极意义。我国正积极推行"公交优先"发展政策,其中设置公交专用道是践行"公交优先" 一种快捷有效的途径。本文以常规公共交通为背景,研究路网公交专用道布局优化的问题。车速为路网性能重要指标,本文简要介绍公交专用道的设置方式,分析车辆路段通行时间的主要影响因素。改进传统车速模型,引入公交车比例变量,建立公交专用道设置前社会车辆和公交车辆速度模型;考虑公交车辆和社会车辆交通流密度的相互影响,建立公交专用道设置后的社会车辆与公交车辆速度模型。通过交通调查获取数据,对模型进行参数的拟合和标定,验证模型的适用性。通过对比公交专用道设置前后社会车辆和公交车辆速度的变化趋势,分析公交专用道的设置对车辆运行带来的影响。结合交叉口延误和站点停靠时间,计算专用道设置前后社会车辆和公交车辆在路段上的通行时间。总结筛选路网中路段设置公交专用道的条件,分别建立社会车辆和公交车辆以交通流密度为变量的客流分配模型,在确定的路网条件下,对社会车辆和公交车辆进行客流分配,从路网整体通行时间效益的角度研究中心城区公交专用道布局优化的问题。在路网整体通行时间达到最小值时所得方案即为中心城区公交专用道的最佳布局方案。选择遗传算法作为模型的求解算法并确定求解流程。选取通化县为实证分析城市,通过调查获取模型参数和路网交通数据,设计求解步骤,将案例路网数据带入公交专用道布局优化模型,应用Matlab软件对遗传算法编程求解模型。在遗传算法参数达到最佳求解效果时,输出目标函数的最小值所对应的公交专用道布局方案,通过对比设置公交专用道后的路网与原路网的评价指标,验证了模型的有效性和实用性。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of economy has led to the explosive growth of motor vehicles, and traffic congestion has become a common problem in cities in China. Compared with cars, buses have the advantages of small road occupancy per capita, low energy consumption per capita, and so on. Guiding residents to choose bus trips has a positive significance in alleviating traffic jams. China is actively implementing the "bus priority" development policy. Setting up bus lanes is a fast and effective way to practice "bus priority". In this paper, based on the background of conventional public transport, the problem of optimizing the layout of bus lanes on road network is studied. The speed is an important index of road network performance. This paper briefly introduces the setting mode of bus lanes, analyzes the main factors influencing the passage time of vehicle sections, improves the traditional speed model, and introduces the bus proportional variables. Establishing the speed model of social vehicles and public transport vehicles before the setting of bus lanes, considering the interaction between traffic density of public transport vehicles and social vehicles, The speed model of social vehicles and public transport vehicles after setting up bus lanes is established. The data are obtained through traffic survey, and the parameters of the model are fitted and calibrated. To verify the applicability of the model. By comparing the changing trend of the speed of social vehicles and public transport vehicles before and after the setting of bus lanes, this paper analyzes the impact of the setting of bus lanes on the operation of vehicles, combined with the intersection delay and stop time, Calculate the passage time of social vehicles and public transport vehicles on road sections before and after the setting up of special roads, summarize the conditions for the selection and selection of public transport lanes in road sections, The passenger flow distribution model of social vehicles and public transport vehicles with traffic density as variable is established, and the passenger flow distribution of social vehicles and public transport vehicles is carried out under certain road network conditions. From the point of view of the overall traffic time benefit of the road network, the optimization of the bus lane layout in the central urban area is studied. When the overall traffic time of the road network reaches the minimum value, the scheme obtained is the best layout scheme of the bus lane in the central urban area. Select genetic algorithm as the solution algorithm of the model and determine the solution flow. Choose Tonghua County as the empirical analysis of the city, Through investigating and obtaining model parameters and road network traffic data, the solution steps are designed, and the case road network data is brought into the optimization model of bus lane layout. The programming model of genetic algorithm is solved by Matlab software. When the parameters of genetic algorithm reach the optimal solution effect, the scheme of bus lane layout corresponding to the minimum value of the objective function is outputted. The validity and practicability of the model are verified by comparing the evaluation indexes of the road network and the original road network after setting up bus lanes.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491.17

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