利用可交易电子路票实现交通网络的帕雷托改善

发布时间：2018-03-13 16:28

本文选题：拥挤收费　切入点：可交易电子路票　出处：《西南交通大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：交通拥挤问题一直以来都是国内各大城市面临的巨大问题,而交通是城市经济发展的命脉,解决交通拥挤问题则成为各大城市迫在眉睫需要解决的关键问题。而解决交通拥挤问题从根源上还是解决交通供需矛盾,拥挤收费则是解决供需矛盾最常用的方法。目前,国内外研究学者提出一系列拥挤收费策略来缓解这一问题。然而,以往关于拥挤收费策略的研究都或多或少的存在一些问题,例如出行者成本增加、不公平、交易透明度差以及公众难以接受等等问题,本文则主要针对上述问题,提出一种新的基于可交易电子路票的奖惩收费策略,并进行理论和算例分析。本文首先对拥挤收费国内外研究现状进行文献综述,通过现状的总结提出新的收费策略。针对此收费策略论文主要按照以下三个部分进行：首先,对新奖惩收费策略所涉及到的拥挤定价理论、可交易电子路票理论以及帕雷托改善理论进行梳理和总结,为后文模型建立证明等奠定理论基础。其次,在用户平衡下从固定需求和弹性需求两个方面针对新的奖惩收费策略建立模型,通过对模型的求解得出两种情况下用户平衡新奖惩收费策略的可交易电子路票市场价格的存在且唯一性,最后通过简单路网的算例对理论进行验证。最后,在系统最优条件下首先从固定需求方面针对新的奖惩收费策略建立模型,通过对模型的求解得出系统最优下新奖惩收费策略的可交易电子路票市场价格的存在性；然后,先分别在单个OD对的路网和单个起点或终点的路网中建立模型,并证明该奖惩收费策略是对应路网达到系统最优的同时,实现交通网络的帕雷托改善和收支平衡的目标；再对多OD对复杂路网建立模型,分析得到在这种路网中新的收费策略不一定可行。同时,为了对理论进行验证,分别在三种路网中给出对应的算例,验证模型的可行性。而后从弹性需求方面针对新的奖惩收费策略建立模型,通过对模型的求解得出系统最优下新奖惩收费策略在弹性需求情况下不可行。
[Abstract]:Traffic congestion has always been a huge problem facing major cities in China, and transportation is the lifeblood of urban economic development. Solving the problem of traffic congestion has become the key problem that needs to be solved urgently in the major cities. At present, the solution to the problem of traffic congestion is to solve the contradiction between supply and demand from the root of the problem, and congestion charge is the most commonly used method to solve the contradiction between supply and demand. Researchers at home and abroad have proposed a series of congestion pricing strategies to alleviate this problem. However, previous researches on congestion pricing strategies have more or less some problems, such as increased cost of travelers, unfair. The transparency of the transaction is poor and the public is difficult to accept. This paper mainly aims at the above problems, proposes a new incentive and punishment charging strategy based on tradable electronic ticket. Firstly, this paper summarizes the current situation of congestion pricing at home and abroad, and puts forward a new charging strategy through the summary of the current situation. This paper mainly according to the following three parts: first, The congestion pricing theory, the tradable electronic ticket theory and the Pareto improvement theory, which are involved in the new reward and punishment pricing strategy, are summarized and summarized to lay a theoretical foundation for the establishment of the following models. Under the user balance, the model of the new reward and punishment charging strategy is established from two aspects of fixed demand and flexible demand. By solving the model, the existence and uniqueness of the tradable electronic ticket market price of the new incentive and punishment charging strategy are obtained in two cases. Finally, the theory is verified by a simple road network example. Under the optimal condition of the system, firstly, the model of the new reward and punishment charging strategy is established from the fixed demand aspect, and the existence of the tradable electronic ticket market price of the new reward and penalty charging strategy under the system optimal condition is obtained by solving the model. First, the model is established in the road network of single OD pair and the road network of single starting point or end point, and it is proved that the reward and penalty charging strategy is the goal of improving Pareto and balancing the revenue and expenditure of the traffic network while corresponding to the road network to achieve the optimal system. Based on the model of multiple OD pairs of complex road networks, it is concluded that the new charging strategy is not necessarily feasible. At the same time, in order to verify the theory, corresponding examples are given in three kinds of road networks. The feasibility of the model is verified. Then a model is established for the new reward and punishment charging strategy from the aspect of flexible demand. Through the solution of the model, it is concluded that the new reward and punishment charging strategy under the optimal system is not feasible in the case of elastic demand.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U495

【引证文献】