基于事故车辆车身变形的碰撞速度研究

发布时间：2018-03-15 09:24

本文选题：三维激光扫描仪　切入点：车身变形　出处：《长安大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,由于汽车保有量逐年增加,道路交通安全问题也更加突出。在实际交通事故勘测中,因为事故现场容易遭到破坏等原因,造成了不能够准确的推算出车辆的碰撞瞬间速度。但是碰撞车辆车身变形在事故发生后不容易受到外界的破坏,因此,基于车身变形产生的塑性变形能求解碰撞瞬间车速成为常用的手段。针对上述情况,本文对手持式三维扫描仪及geomagic软件进行了研究,获取碰撞车辆车身变形处的变形位移。利用Matlab软件编写计算车身塑性变形能的程序代码,并且将其结果作为计算碰撞瞬间速度的参数,通过VC++软件对碰撞瞬间速度进行了估算,并将估算的速度值与PC-Crash软件的优化结果进行比较,进而为交通事故中推算碰撞瞬间速度提供了一种方法。研究的主要内容:(1)对手持式三维扫描仪进行基本阐述,通过对事故车辆车身变形点云数据的研究,对车身变形曲面进行处理、重新建模,利用geomagic软件对变形前曲面进行逆向重构,获取车身的变形位移。并且对碰撞后车身的变形特点进行研究,总结出扫描仪在勘测不同变形车身时不同的勘测要点。(2)通过对车身加载力—变形特性试验数据的研究,模拟了车身变形区域的变形特性。通过对试验采集的数据进行处理和分析,基于Matlab软件绘制各施加载荷位置的位移—加载力曲线,分析某段区间内两者之间的线性关系。(3)建立求解塑性变形能的数学模型,并使用编程语言编写计算变形能数学模型的程序代码。建立求解碰撞瞬间速度计算模型,编写基于VC++的碰撞瞬间速度计算程序,最后结合实际交通事故实例,通过软件实现对碰撞瞬间速度的推算,并利用PC-Crash模拟仿真实际事故,完成碰撞瞬间速度的误差分析。
[Abstract]:In recent years, as the number of cars has increased year by year, road traffic safety problems have become more prominent. In the actual traffic accident investigation, because the accident site is vulnerable to destruction and other reasons, However, the deformation of the body of the colliding vehicle is not easy to be destroyed by the outside world after the accident, so, Based on the plastic deformation caused by the deformation of the body, it has become a common method to calculate the vehicle speed at the moment of collision. In view of the above situation, this paper studies the handheld 3D scanner and geomagic software. The deformation displacement of the vehicle body deformation is obtained. The program code for calculating the plastic deformation energy of the vehicle body is compiled by Matlab software, and the result is taken as the parameter to calculate the instantaneous velocity of the collision. The instantaneous velocity of the collision is estimated by VC software. The estimated velocity value is compared with the optimized result of PC-Crash software, which provides a method for calculating the instantaneous velocity of collision in traffic accident. The main content of the study is: 1) the basic description of the hand-held 3D scanner is given. Through the research on the data of the deformed point cloud of the vehicle body, the deformation surface of the vehicle body is processed, the model is remodeled, and the pre-deformation surface is reconstructed by using geomagic software. To obtain the deformation displacement of the body, and to study the deformation characteristics of the body after the collision, and summarize the different survey points of the scanner in the survey of different deformed body. (2) through the research of the test data of the loading force deformation characteristic of the body, The deformation characteristics of the body deformation region are simulated. By processing and analyzing the data collected from the test, the displacement-loading force curves of each loading position are drawn based on Matlab software. By analyzing the linear relationship between the two in a certain interval, a mathematical model for solving the plastic deformation energy is established, and the program code for calculating the deformation energy mathematical model is compiled with programming language, and the calculating model for calculating the instantaneous velocity of collision is established. The program of calculating collision instantaneous velocity based on VC is written. Finally, the calculation of collision instant velocity is realized by software combined with actual traffic accident example, and the error analysis of collision instant velocity is completed by using PC-Crash to simulate the actual accident.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.31

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