低等级公路弯道单车事故仿真研究

发布时间：2018-03-15 17:55

本文选题：交通安全　切入点：低等级公路　出处：《长沙理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来,虽然我国每年发生的交通事故起数、事故伤亡人数和直接财产损失总体都呈下降趋势,但随着社会经济的快速发展,我国农村机动车数量急剧增加,而低等级公路的行驶环境以及农村驾驶员车辆行驶水平没有得到相应的提升,使得低等级公路交通事故起数和事故死亡人数所占的比重不降反升。而在这些低等级公路交通事故中,一般弯道单车事故占了很大的比重。因而加强对低等级公路弯道单车事故进行研究,得出事故发生的机理,进而给出相应的措施以减少事故的发生,具有重大现实意义。本文针对低等级公路一般弯道易发生的单车事故展开深入的研究,主要包括:分析了我国低等级公路发展状况和严峻的交通安全形势;结合已有的相关研究,总结了汽车在直线、弯道以及不同路面通行条件下行驶时发生交通事故的主要影响因素,并在此基础上,利用CarSim和TruckSim软件,建立不同路面通行条件的低等级公路弯道模型与车辆动力学模型。进而以中型轿车为主,进行轿车在不同弯道路面行驶仿真,结果发现在路径预瞄控制工况下,路面附着系数越小、低附着系数路面面积越大,轿车越容易发生侧滑。结合仿真结果,分析了车辆在弯道行驶时因路面附着系数低、结冰路面减速带使得车轮发生跳动而导致轿车侧向力降低等轿车侧滑的机理。研究了驾驶员在弯道路段行车发生侧滑过程中不同时刻采取转向、制动等措施对车辆行驶稳定性的影响,发现驾驶员保持轿车在道路中心线行驶并在发现道路有突发状况时尽早采取适当制动,能够非常有效的提高车辆行驶的稳定性,阻止轿车的侧滑。文章的最后,还进行了其他四种汽车的对比仿真,得出不同参数的车型在相同的低等级公路弯道路面上行驶时的稳定性表现,微型轿车稳定性最好,中型货车稳定性最差。针对低等级公路弯道侧滑事故,本文根据研究的仿真结果以及事故机理分析,提出改善弯道路面通行条件、提高驾驶员水平和安全意识等减少侧滑事故发生的建议。研究成果对于合理有效的通过提高设计标准、增强施工质量、加强后期维护等改善低等级公路弯道路面通行条件的举措有非常重要的参考作用同时,也揭示了驾驶员驾驶汽车在低等级公路一般弯道行驶时应该注意的问题,进而能够避免交通事故的发生。
[Abstract]:In recent years, although our country every year from the number of traffic accidents, casualties and direct property loss overall downward trend, but with the rapid development of social economy, the number of China's rural vehicles increased rapidly, while the low grade highway driving environment and rural driver vehicle level has not been a corresponding increase, the number of low grade highway traffic accidents and accident deaths accounted for not fall. And in these low grade highway traffic accident, the general curve bicycle accidents accounted for a large proportion. Therefore, strengthen the research on low grade road bicycle accident, the accident mechanism, and gives the corresponding measures in order to reduce the occurrence of accidents, is of great practical significance. In this paper the general curve of low grade highway bicycle accident prone to in-depth research, including: an analysis Development of low grade highway in our country and the serious traffic safety situation; based on the existing related research, summed up the car in a straight line, curve and main influencing factors of different road traffic conditions when driving traffic accidents, and on this basis, using CarSim and TruckSim software, the establishment of low grade highway curve model and vehicle dynamics model different road traffic conditions. Then to midsize car, car driving simulation in different corners Road, found in the pre condition of the tracking path, the road friction coefficient is small, low adhesion coefficient road area is greater, more prone to car sideslip. According to the simulation results, analysis of the vehicle running on curve by road the adhesion coefficient is low, the ice road deceleration zone makes the wheel beating caused mechanism of car lateral force reduction car sideslip. The driver in the corners Road traffic in different time taken in the process of skid steering, braking and other measures to drive the influence on the stability of the vehicle, found the driver to keep the car as soon as possible to take appropriate brake in the central line of the road running and found unexpected situations on the road, can be very effective in improving the stability of vehicle driving, stop the car skidding. Finally, also compared with other four kinds of car simulation, stability performance obtained with different parameters on models of low grade highway pavement on the same corner of the mini car is the best, medium truck stability was the worst. For the low grade road sideslip accidents, according to the results of simulation study and accident mechanism analysis, put forward to improve the road bend the traffic conditions, improve the level of the driver and the consciousness of safety accidents reduce sideslip suggestions. Research results for reasonable and effective By improving the design standards, enhance the quality of construction, strengthen the maintenance and improvement of highway pavement bend low level initiatives conditions have a very important reference at the same time, also revealed the drivers should pay attention to in the running of low grade highway general curve problem, so as to avoid the occurrence of traffic accidents.

【学位授予单位】：长沙理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.3

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