基于静载试验的桥梁结构健康评估方法的研究

发布时间：2018-03-18 17:50

本文选题：桥梁结构健康评估　切入点：静载试验　出处：《北京理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：公路交通是交通运输事业重要的组成部分，而公路桥梁又是公路交通的重要组成部分，发挥着重要的作用。桥梁在运营期间，因受自然灾害而损伤，或使用荷载不当，将导致桥梁结构安全与耐久性降低，甚至出现桥毁人亡的事故，因此桥梁结构健康的评估是至关重要的，可以为桥梁的养护、改建或限载提供意见。荷载试验是桥梁结构健康检测的重要检测手段，其就是直接在桥梁结构上进行加载试验，并通过与理论计算值相比较判断桥梁结构的使用性能和实际运营状态，其中桥梁的荷载试验可以分为静载试验与动载试验。而其中静载试验又是使用最多、最常见的检测手段。目前，静载试验多以人工读取采集数据再汇总的方法，并且根据经验对桥梁结构健康进行评估，存在费时、费力、效率低、评估不准的缺点。基于此，本文以广州机场高速蚌湖大桥的静载试验为背景进行桥梁结构健康评估方法的研究。 1.首先实现了基于桥梁静载试验的无线数据采集系统，并根据静载试验的要求进行需求分析确定数据采集系统软件所需要完成的功能及软件的基本流程。 2.在数据采集过程中由于现场采集环境的恶劣性，干扰比较大。针对振弦式应变传感器采集的应变数据采用了卡尔曼滤波，处理后使数据更接近真实值，，同时使测试数据跳动的幅值比较小，更符合静载试验的要求。 3.提出了基于模糊综合评判的层次分析法与主成分分析法相结合的评价体系，通过基于模糊综合评判的层次分析法对桥梁结构健康从整体上进行评估，然后再利用主成分分析法对静载试验中所检测的桥梁构件的健康状况进行评估，并且可以按照损伤程度的大小进行排序，为桥梁的维修加固提供重要依据。 4.对蚌湖大桥的静载试验进行分析、处理和评估，结果表明了本文提出方法的有效性。最后基于C#实现了基于静载试验的桥梁评估系统的软件设计，该系统具有良好的用户体验，符合现场对桥梁结构静载试验及桥梁结构健康评估的要求。
[Abstract]:The highway transportation is an important part of transportation, the highway bridge is an important part of highway traffic, the bridge plays an important role. During the operation, and the damage due to natural disasters, or improper use of load, will cause the bridge structure safety and durability is reduced, and even the bridge crash accident. So the evaluation of bridge structure health is crucial, for bridge maintenance, alteration or load limit for comments.
Load test is an important means of detection and health monitoring of bridge, the bridge structure is directly in the loading test, and with the theoretical value and actual operation state is judged by comparing the operational performance of the bridge structure, the bridge load test can be divided into static load test and dynamic load test and static load test again. The most widely used, the most common means of detection. At present, the static load test on artificial data and summary, and according to the experience of the bridge structural health assessment, are time-consuming, laborious, low efficiency, no assessment of shortcomings. Based on this, this paper studies the static load test for health assessment the method of bridge structure of Guangzhou Airport Expressway mussels Lake Bridge.
1., the wireless data acquisition system based on static load test of bridge is first implemented. According to the requirement of static load test, demand analysis is carried out to determine the function and software basic process of the data acquisition system software.
2. in the process of data collection of field data because of the bad environment, interference is relatively large. According to the strain data acquisition of vibration wire strain sensor using the Calman filter, after processing the data closer to the real value, at the same time, the test data of the beat amplitude is relatively small, more in line with the static test requirements.
3. proposed the combination of AHP fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and principal component analysis based on the evaluation system, through the analytic hierarchy process based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of bridge structure health from the overall evaluation, and then use principal component analysis of the health status of bridge static load test in the test method of assessment, and can be sorted according to the damage degree, provide an important basis for bridge reinforcement maintenance.
4. the static load test of the Benghu bridge is analyzed, treated and evaluated. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Finally, the software design of bridge evaluation system based on static load test is implemented based on C#. The system has good user experience, and meets the requirements of site for bridge structure static load test and bridge structure health assessment.

【学位授予单位】：北京理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U446;TP274.2

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