基于实测数据的公交专用道对交通排放的影响分析

发布时间：2018-03-18 20:35

本文选题：公交专用道　切入点：尾气排放模型　出处：《北京交通大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：为缓解城市交通拥堵和减少机动车能耗及排放,我国很多城市陆续规划与建设公交专用道。然而,目前对于公交专用道设置后的影响分析大多是从客运量、准点率、运行速度和通行能力等角度出发。从机动车能耗和排放角度研究和评价公交专用道设置的相关研究较少。本文通过研究公交专用道的发展和机动车尾气排放模型,建立公交专用道的设置对机动车油耗和尾气排放的量化方法,从交通环境角度评价公交专用道的设置。为实现上述目标,本文首先分析了公交专用道对排放的影响因素和影响机理；利用台架测试法和车载尾气检测法(PEMS)采集公交车和社会车的排放数据,同时使用手持式GPS收集公交车和社会车的行驶工况数据；然后,结合基于机动车比功率(VSP)建立的尾气排放模型和采集获取的排放数据和工况数据,建立机动车排放率数据库和工况分布数据库；最后,根据已建立的机动车排放率数据库和工况分布数据库,分析京通快速路设置公交专用道前后公交车和社会车的油耗和尾气排放。案例分析结果表明,京通快速路公交专用道开通后与开通前相比,开通后公交车和社会车晚高峰各污染物单位时间的排放率均出现少量增加：公交车早晚高峰各污染物和社会车晚高峰各污染物单位距离的排放因子均减少；公交车早晚高峰部分污染物的排放量和社会车早晚高峰各污染物的排放量均减少；除PM外,公交车和社会车早晚高峰各污染物的排放强度均下降。整体而言,公交专用道实施后路段油耗、CO2、CO、HC、NOx排放分别下降了25.16%、25.21%、26.02%、25.22%和18.83%。
[Abstract]:In order to alleviate urban traffic congestion and reduce motor vehicle energy consumption and emissions, many cities in our country plan and construct bus lanes one after another. However, at present, the impact analysis of bus lanes after setting up is mostly based on passenger traffic volume, punctuality rate, etc. From the point of view of running speed and traffic capacity, there is little research on the evaluation of bus lanes from the angle of vehicle energy consumption and emission. In this paper, by studying the development of bus lanes and vehicle exhaust emission model, the method of quantifying vehicle fuel consumption and exhaust emission by setting up bus lanes is established. In order to achieve the above goal, this paper first analyzes the influence factors and mechanism of the public transport lanes on emissions from the point of view of traffic environment. The emission data of buses and social vehicles are collected by means of bench test method and vehicle exhaust detection method, and the driving condition data of buses and social vehicles are collected by hand-held GPS. Combined with the exhaust emission model based on vehicle specific power and the collected emission data and working condition data, the vehicle emission rate database and the working condition distribution database are established. According to the established database of vehicle emission rate and the database of working condition distribution, the fuel consumption and exhaust emission of buses and social vehicles before and after the setting up of bus lanes on Jingtong Expressway are analyzed. The results of case study show that, After the opening of the Beijing-Tongtong Expressway bus exclusive Road, compared with before the opening, After opening, the emission rate of each pollutant per unit time of the evening peak of bus and social vehicle increased slightly: the emission factors of each pollutant per unit distance of the morning and evening peak of bus and social vehicle decreased; The emissions of some pollutants in the morning and evening peak of buses and the emissions of the pollutants in the morning and evening peaks of social vehicles decreased, except PM, the emission intensity of the pollutants in the morning and evening peak of buses and social vehicles decreased. After the implementation of the bus lane, the emission of CO _ 2CO _ 2CO _ (2) HCN _ (no _ x) decreased 25.16% and 25.21%, 25.22% and 18.833%, respectively.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.17;X734.2

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