山西省晋西黄土路基暗穴致灾机理及其治理研究

发布时间：2018-03-19 14:39

本文选题：黄土暗穴　切入点：微结构特征　出处：《长安大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：山西省地形复杂,主要由山区和丘陵构成,其中黄土分布范围占山西总面积的66.7%,黄土覆盖区极大,特殊的生态环境导致严重的水土流失,加之黄土本身孔隙大、结构疏松、湿陷性明显,导致该地区极易发生水土流失、山体滑坡、泥石流、地面塌陷等自然灾害。这些灾害极大程度上增加了各种工程的设计难度、施工难度以及维护难度。特别是对于道路工程,其产生的影响更为突出和恶劣。对于水土流失、山体滑坡泥石流等常见多发的自然灾害,在大量经验的基础上的到了很好的控制。然而,在以晋西为代表的山西黄土覆盖区出现的由不同类型黄土暗穴诱发的路面塌陷问题却成为了一种潜在的自然灾害隐患,且常常容易被忽视。在大量文献资料和实地野外调查的基础上,结合室内相关试验,本文对黄土暗穴的形成机理及治理方法进行了研究和分析。分别对黄土本身具有的崩解性、湿陷性和渗透性以及这三方面导致的黄土暗穴形成的机理进行了系统分析。利用宏观破坏现象描述与微观结构研究相结合的方法,揭示了黄土暗穴的形成机理,具体归纳为冲蚀作用、湿陷作用、潜蚀作用、崩解作用。此外,研究了黄土暗穴对公路的危害,揭示了公路受黄土暗穴影响的危害模式及致灾机理。总结了黄土暗穴对公路不同部位的危害形式及其特点,掌握了其危害模式和致灾机理。针对山西省晋西地区的特殊地理特点,分析和讨论了比较适合该区域的治理方法。结合山西省黄土暗穴的特征,重点介绍了明挖回填法和注浆法两种常用方法。本文综合理论分析与现场实测及室内试验的研究方法,按照发现问题、分析问题、探讨问题、解决问题的研究思路,在大量实验室试验的基础之上,分别对水泥浆、粘土浆和水泥粘土浆不同配比下作为充填浆体时的凝结时间和硬化后的抗压性能进行研究。并对不同方法在现场的应用进行细致的分析,具有一定的现场借鉴和指导意义。
[Abstract]:The terrain of Shanxi Province is complex, which is mainly composed of mountains and hills. The loess distribution area accounts for 66.7% of the total area of Shanxi. The loess covers a large area, and the special ecological environment causes serious soil erosion, in addition, the loess itself is porous and its structure is loose. The obvious collapsibility makes the area prone to soil erosion, landslides, debris flows, ground collapses and other natural disasters. These disasters greatly increase the design difficulties of various projects. Construction difficulty and maintenance difficulty. Especially for road engineering, its impact is more prominent and bad. For soil erosion, landslide and debris flow and other common natural disasters, On the basis of a great deal of experience, it has been well controlled. However, the problem of pavement collapse induced by different types of loess caverns in the loess overburden area of Shanxi Province, represented by the west of Shanxi, has become a potential natural hazard. Based on a large amount of literature and field investigation, combined with laboratory experiments, this paper studies and analyzes the formation mechanism and treatment methods of loess dark caverns. The mechanism of formation of loess dark caverns caused by collapsibility and permeability is analyzed systematically. The formation mechanism of loess dark caverns is revealed by combining the description of macroscopic damage phenomenon with the study of microstructure. It is summed up specifically as erosion, collapsibility, subsurface erosion and disintegration. In addition, the harm of loess hidden caverns to highway is studied. This paper reveals the harm mode and disaster mechanism of highway affected by loess hidden cave, and summarizes the damage forms and characteristics of loess hidden cave to different parts of highway. According to the special geographical characteristics of Shanxi Province, this paper analyzes and discusses the treatment methods which are more suitable for this area, combined with the characteristics of the loess caverns in Shanxi Province. This paper mainly introduces two common methods, open excavation backfill method and grouting method. This paper synthesizes the theoretical analysis, field measurement and indoor test research methods, according to the problem found, analyzes the problem, discusses the problem, and solves the problem. On the basis of a large number of laboratory tests, respectively, This paper studies the setting time and compressive performance of the different ratio of clay slurry and cement clay slurry as filling slurry and analyzes the application of different methods in the field, which has certain reference and guiding significance in the field.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U416.1

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