基于GPS技术的高速公路收费系统精确路径识别研究

发布时间：2018-03-22 09:52

本文选题：高速公路收费　切入点：多义性路径　出处：《长安大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着我国高速公路的快速发展,大多数省(市、自治区)内的高速公路已经形成了复杂的路网结构,同一OD对间可能会出现路径不唯一的现象,对现在的联网收费造成很大的挑战,一方面,在路径多义性的情况下,收费处该怎样征收过路费才算合理;另一方面,对征收回来的过路费,怎样拆分才算公平。显然,在路径出现多义性的情况下,如果能够确定车辆实际行驶的路径,那问题就容易解决了。因此路径识别是解决这一问题的关键。路径识别有多种技术方法,其中有些较为成熟,甚至已经在实际收费中得到了应用。本文采用了GPS定位技术来实现路径识别并给出两种获取路径信息的方案,一是复合卡方案,二是车载单元(OBU)与通行卡相结合的方案,这两种方案都是通过通行卡记录GPS采集的路径数据来实现的。这种方法可以维持现有的收费操作平台不变,只对系统的一些软硬件升级或改造即可,而且还兼容现行的收费方式。文中设计并实现了OBU与Mifare卡相结合的方案,论证了用通行卡作为记录路径识别点的介质的可行性,并设计了上位机测试软件来模拟收费车道系统。最后通过发卡时写入起点信息、行驶时记录路径信息、读卡时显示路径信息的实验流程将采集到的路径坐标显示在电子地图上,结果与实际路径相吻合。在实验中采用的GPS芯片与处理器等电路单元的体积比较大,如果能将这些器件超薄化,并解决GPS天线的灵敏度与体积,则复合卡方案是可行的;而OBU与通行卡相结合的方案可以与ETC设备绑定推广。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of expressway in our country, the expressway in most provinces (cities and autonomous regions) has formed a complex road network structure, and the same OD pair may appear the phenomenon that the path is not unique. This poses a great challenge to the current interconnection charges. On the one hand, in the case of path ambiguity, how should toll collection be considered reasonable; on the other hand, how to split up the toll collected is fair. In the case of path ambiguity, if we can determine the actual path of the vehicle, it will be easy to solve the problem. Therefore, path recognition is the key to solve this problem. There are many technical methods for path recognition, some of which are more mature. In this paper, we adopt GPS technology to realize path identification and give two schemes to obtain path information, one is compound card scheme, the other is the combination of vehicle-mounted unit OBU) and pass card. These two schemes are realized by recording the path data collected by GPS with a pass card. This method can keep the current toll operating platform unchanged and only upgrade or modify some software and hardware of the system. This paper designs and implements the scheme of combining OBU and Mifare card, and proves the feasibility of using the pass card as the medium of recording path identification point. The test software of PC is designed to simulate the toll lane system. Finally, the starting point information is written when the card is issued, the path information is recorded while driving, and the path information is displayed on the electronic map by the experimental flow of displaying the path information when the card is read. The results are consistent with the actual path. The size of the GPS chip and the processor used in the experiment is relatively large. If these devices can be thinned and the sensitivity and volume of the GPS antenna can be solved, the compound card scheme is feasible. The combination of OBU and pass card can be promoted with ETC device binding.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U495

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