步行设施内存在障碍物的行人避让与超越行为仿真研究

发布时间：2018-03-23 18:12

本文选题：行人流　切入点：微观仿真　出处：《北京交通大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国城市人口和规模的急剧增长,大规模的行人聚集和出行换乘活动变得愈加频繁。在交通枢纽、体育场馆、购物中心等存在空间障碍物的大型步行设施内,不合理的行人流组织管理策略和空间障碍物设计会降低行人移动效率,而且在拥挤恐慌情况下容易诱发踩踏事件。同时,基于计算机仿真技术研究在个体行人相互作用的过程中涌现的群体宏观特征,已成为探索不同集散环境下行人个体微观行为和群体宏观特征的主要手段。障碍物影响下的行人流移动特征、理论建模和微观仿真研究可用于优化步行设施内的行人流组织管理和空间障碍物布局,对提高行人流集散效率和预防拥挤踩踏具有重要意义。本文利用行人实验、理论建模和微观仿真的方法,在挖掘个体行人避让与超越行为机制的基础上,探究行人避让与超越行为和空间障碍物规模形状对行人群体宏观特征的影响机制。主要研究内容如下:首先,通过组织行人实验并处理实验数据,探究行人流移动特征。基于个体微观行为实验,探究行人的避让与超越行为;基于群体宏观特征实验,探究空间障碍物特征对行人流疏散时间和群体宏观现象的影响。其次,通过理论建模制定行人避让与超越行为的移动规则。结合实验结果分析,以行人面临冲突时的冲突时间和避让时间为主要参数建立共轭力模型,描述行人期望以大小稳定的速度主动避让与超越障碍物的行为;改进社会力模型中的排斥力与摩擦力,消除行人接触时的挤压形变作用,使模型适合非恐慌情况下的行人流仿真;设定仿真参数,再现个体行人避让与超越的微观行为,并分析模型参数变化对行人个体微观行为仿真的影响。最后,通过微观仿真分析行人的避让与超越行为和空间障碍物特征对行人群体宏观特征的影响。研究当步行设施内无空间障碍物时,行人间的超越行为对疏散效率的影响,从而提出不同行人数量、出口宽度对应的最佳行人流组织管理策略;以步行通道内存在空间障碍物时的单向行人流为仿真对象,分析行人避让与超越行为和空间障碍物规模形状的变化对行人流疏散效率、移动瓶颈通过能力和行人群体宏观现象的影响,提出增加行人流疏散效率和移动瓶颈通过能力的空间障碍物优化方法。
[Abstract]:With the rapid growth of urban population and scale in our country, large-scale pedestrian gathering and commuting activities become more frequent. In transportation hubs, stadiums, shopping centers and other large walking facilities with space obstacles, Unreasonable pedestrian flow management strategy and space obstruction design will reduce pedestrian movement efficiency, and can easily induce stampede in crowded and panic situations. At the same time, On the basis of computer simulation technology, we study the macroscopic characteristics of groups emerging in the process of individual pedestrian interaction. It has become the main means to explore the microscopic behavior of pedestrian and the macroscopic characteristics of groups in different distributed environments. The characteristics of pedestrian flow movement under the influence of obstacles, Theoretical modeling and microscopic simulation research can be used to optimize pedestrian flow organization management and space obstruction layout in walking facilities. It is of great significance to improve the efficiency of pedestrian flow distribution and prevent congestion and stampede. The methods of theoretical modeling and microscopic simulation are based on mining the mechanism of individual pedestrian avoidance and surmounting behavior. The main contents of this paper are as follows: firstly, by organizing pedestrian experiments and processing experimental data, the paper explores the mechanism of pedestrian avoidance and surpassing behavior and the influence of spatial obstacle size on the macro characteristics of pedestrian groups. Based on individual microcosmic behavior experiment, this paper explores pedestrian avoidance and transcendence behavior; based on group macro characteristic experiment, it explores the influence of spatial obstacle characteristics on evacuation time and crowd macro phenomenon. Secondly, Through theoretical modeling, the movement rules of pedestrian avoidance and transcendental behavior are established. Based on the analysis of experimental results, the conjugate force model is established with the conflict time and avoidance time of pedestrian facing conflict as the main parameters. Describes the behavior of pedestrians' expectation of avoiding and surmounting obstacles at a steady speed, improves the repulsive force and friction in the social force model, and eliminates the extrusion deformation in pedestrian contact. Make the model suitable for the pedestrian flow simulation under the condition of non-panic, set the simulation parameters, reproduce the microscopic behavior of individual pedestrian avoiding and surpassing, and analyze the influence of the model parameter change on the pedestrian individual micro-behavior simulation. Finally, The effects of pedestrian avoidance and surmounting behavior and spatial obstacle characteristics on the macro characteristics of pedestrian groups are analyzed by microcosmic simulation, and the effects of pedestrian surpassing behavior on evacuation efficiency are studied when there are no space obstacles in walking facilities. Thus, the optimal pedestrian flow organization and management strategy corresponding to different pedestrian numbers and exit widths is put forward, and the one-way pedestrian flow with space obstacles in the walking passage is taken as the simulation object. This paper analyzes the influence of pedestrian avoidance and surmounting behavior and the change of space obstacle size on the evacuation efficiency of pedestrian flow, the ability of moving bottleneck and the macroscopic phenomenon of pedestrian group. A spatial obstacle optimization method is proposed to increase the evacuation efficiency and the ability of moving bottleneck.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491.226

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