动态环境下照度变化对驾驶人识认时间影响机理研究

发布时间：2018-03-25 21:38

本文选题：交通安全　切入点：驾驶人　出处：《合肥工业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着汽车保有量快速增加,道路交通事故频发,事故率居高不下,道路交通安全问题日益严峻。在黄昏和黎明照度快速变化时段,交通事故频发引起高度关注,但相关研究较少,事故机理成果较为缺乏。驾驶人视觉特性受车速和照度影响较大,照度快速变化时,驾驶人识认目标物时间波动较大,识认时间的大小影响驾驶人决策和判断,进而影响驾驶人的行为,影响安全行车。探索在不同行车速度和不同照度下,驾驶人对不同颜色目标物识认时间规律,找出识认时间与速度和照度关系,明确不同照度范围和行车速度下的停车视距和道路限速值,对降低交通事故率有一定的指导意义。论文依托国家自然科学基金“环境照度变化下道路交通流运行特征及对交通安全影响机理研究(No.51308177)”内容展开研究,在实际道路上通过设计实车实验,选取黄昏时段不同环境照度和行车速度条件,开展驾驶人对不同颜色视标识认时间规律研究,通过单因素方差分析方法分析不同颜色在不同照度和速度下对驾驶人有无显著影响,应用非线性回归建立驾驶人识认时间与环境照度及车速数学模型,并对传统停车视距模型进行优化,给出黄昏时段不同照度范围和限速条件下的推荐停车视距,在既有道路停车视距一定的条件下,结合识认时间与行车速度模型、停车视距模型和道路设计规范,推导出黄昏照度快速变化时段不同设计速度道路限速值。研究结果表明,黄昏时段不同照度范围,不同颜色视标对驾驶人发现、辨识视标时刻和识认视标时间影响显著性不尽相同；同一行车速度条件下识认时间与照度数学模型拟合度高,显著性满足统计学要求,模型准确；改进后模型计算的停车视距与传统模型相比,更有利于道路行车安全性；不同照度段不同设计速度的道路限速值不同,对黄昏事故多发的改善更具针对性和可操作性,实现基于照度变化的速度动态管理。
[Abstract]:With the rapid increase in vehicle ownership, frequent road traffic accidents, high accident rates and increasingly serious road traffic safety problems, the frequent occurrence of traffic accidents has aroused great concern during the period of rapid changes in the illumination at dusk and dawn. However, there are few related studies and lack of results of accident mechanism. The driver's visual characteristics are greatly affected by the speed and illumination. When the illuminance changes rapidly, the time of recognition of the target is more fluctuant. The recognition time affects the decision and judgment of the driver, and then affects the behavior of the driver and the safe driving. Find out the relationship between recognition time and speed and illuminance, and define the stop horizon and road speed limit under different illuminance range and driving speed. It has certain guiding significance to reduce the traffic accident rate. This paper is based on the National Natural Science Foundation of China, "the study on the operating characteristics of Road Traffic flow and its influence on Traffic Safety under the change of Environmental Illuminance" (No. 51308177). By designing the real vehicle experiment on the actual road, choosing the different illumination and driving speed condition in the twilight period, the research on the recognition time law of the different color sign is carried out. The influence of different colors on the driver under different illumination and speed was analyzed by single factor analysis of variance. A mathematical model of recognition time and environment illumination and speed of driver was established by nonlinear regression. At the same time, the traditional parking sight model is optimized, and the recommended parking sight distance under different illuminance range and speed limit in dusk is given. Under the condition that the existing road parking horizon is fixed, the recognition time and speed model are combined. According to the parking sight range model and the road design specification, the road speed limit values of different design speed in the period of fast variation of dusk illumination are deduced. The results show that different illumination ranges and different color standards are found for the driver in the twilight period. The effect of recognition time and recognition time on the recognition time is different, and the mathematical model of recognition time and illuminance under the same driving speed has a high fitting degree, which significantly meets the requirements of statistics and the model is accurate. Compared with the traditional model, the improved model is more favorable to the safety of the road, and the speed limit of different illuminance sections is different, which is more specific and operational for the improvement of the frequent accidents in the twilight. Speed dynamic management based on illumination change is realized.
【学位授予单位】：合肥工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.25

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