汽车驾驶员空间感知实验研究

发布时间：2018-03-27 08:03

本文选题：交通安全　切入点：空间感知　出处：《山东理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着汽车保有量和汽车驾驶员人数量的升高,道路交通安全事故数量一直居高不下,而与人有关的道路交通事故又占事故总量的大多数。大量的统计数据和事故分析结果表明,驾驶员的感知失误是导致交通事故发生的主要因素之一。因此,深入了解驾驶员的感知觉,特别是对于外部空间和碰撞时间的感知,对于提高道路交通安全具有非常重大的意义,能有效地防止感知失误造成的交通事故,改善驾驶员的驾驶行为决策和道路设施设计等。首先,系统地分析了国内外的研究现状。介绍了实验心理学、认知心理学和交通心理学等学科的产生与发展,重点介绍前人对感知觉、驾驶员感知觉以及盲走范式的研究历程,确定了利用盲走法进行实车道路实验的研究方向。其次,从生理学和心理学的角度,阐述了汽车驾驶员的感知觉及其特性。系统地介绍了视觉、听觉、触觉、空间知觉和时间知觉等多种感知觉的形成机理及相应特性,简要地说明了外部环境、个体差异、年龄、经验、情绪等多种因素对感知觉的影响,为之后的实车实验与数据分析奠定了坚实的理论基础。再次,基于盲走法,合理设计实验方案,进行实车道路实验。重点阐明实验的实验目的、实验人员、实验设备和实验场景,详细阐述了实验行程和注意事项,简单介绍了对实验数据的记录方法。通过实验获得了被试人员在不同因素影响下的碰撞估计时间数据。最后,经过预处理得到被试人员的正向空间距离感知数据,通过数据处理和分析获得了被试人员在不同因素影响下的正向空间距离感知特征。借助SPSS软件,运用多种数理统计方法,如分布正态性检验、配对样本检验、重复测量方差分析和轮廓图分析,对被试人员的正向空间感知距离数据进行了处理,得到了不同因素对空间感知能力的影响规律。本研究主要从汽车驾驶员的空间感知出发,通过特定实验场景下的实车道路实验,得到了汽车驾驶员碰撞估计时间数据,并通过数学计算与统计分析,研究了不同因素对实验结果的影响。本研究对于深入了解汽车驾驶员空间感知能力,减少因汽车驾驶员感知失误造成的道路交通事故,完善汽车驾驶员筛查机制等,具有积极意义。
[Abstract]:With the increase of vehicle ownership and the number of drivers, the number of road traffic safety accidents has been high, and the human road traffic accidents account for the majority of the total number of accidents. A large number of statistical data and accident analysis results show that, Driver's perception error is one of the main factors leading to traffic accident. It is of great significance to improve road traffic safety. It can effectively prevent traffic accidents caused by perceived errors, improve drivers' driving behavior decisions and road facilities design. This paper systematically analyzes the current research situation at home and abroad, introduces the emergence and development of experimental psychology, cognitive psychology and traffic psychology, and focuses on the research process of perception perception, driver perception perception and blind walking paradigm. The research direction of using blind walking method to carry out real vehicle road experiment is determined. Secondly, from the point of view of physiology and psychology, this paper expounds the perception of automobile driver and its characteristics, and systematically introduces vision, hearing, touch, and so on. The formation mechanism and corresponding characteristics of various perceptual senses, such as spatial perception and time perception, are briefly illustrated by the influence of external environment, individual difference, age, experience, emotion and other factors on perception. It lays a solid theoretical foundation for the later real vehicle experiment and data analysis. Thirdly, based on the blind walking method, the experiment scheme is designed reasonably and the real vehicle road experiment is carried out. Experimental equipment and experimental scenes, detailed description of the experimental itinerary and points for attention, a brief introduction to the experimental data recording method. Through the experiment, the participants under the influence of different factors under the impact of collision estimation time data. After preprocessing, the forward spatial distance perception data of the subjects were obtained, and the positive spatial distance perception characteristics of the subjects under the influence of different factors were obtained through data processing and analysis. With the help of SPSS software, various mathematical statistical methods were used. For example, distribution normality test, paired sample test, repeated measurement variance analysis and contour analysis were used to process the positive spatial perceptual distance data. The effects of different factors on spatial perception are obtained. Based on the spatial perception of vehicle drivers, the vehicle driver collision estimation time data are obtained through the real vehicle road experiments under specific experimental scenarios. Through mathematical calculation and statistical analysis, the influence of different factors on the experimental results is studied. It is of positive significance to improve the screening mechanism of automobile drivers.
【学位授予单位】：山东理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491.254

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