道路交叉口新型非机动车流与机动车非典型冲突模型研究

发布时间：2018-03-27 13:57

本文选题：判断运动模型　切入点：路径选择　出处：《石家庄铁道大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：交叉口处右转机动车和混入大量电动车的直行非机动车的冲突会导致交通延误增加,安全性降低等问题。国内外关于交叉口机非冲突做了较为系统的研究,大部分研究的基础都是由机动车判断是否可以穿越非机动车。本文通过实际调查发现,在中国的很多交叉口,有部分机动车即使预测到发生冲突时非机动车将优先占用冲突点,许多机动车仍然会以较低速度运行,迫使非机动车减速或改变路径,实际调查到的现象与目前冲突研究的基础原则不符。本文对这种非典型情况下的机非冲突进行了研究,主要研究内容和创新点包括:论文采用文献分析法和实地调查法对非机动车在交叉口处的运动特性进行了分析。首先采取文献采集法对本研究与经典研究基本一致的非机动车特性进行了分析,包括非机动车到达交叉口的到达特性,绿灯点亮时非机动车的加速特性,遇红灯或排队时非机动车的减速特性及排队密度特性。然后采用实地调查法对本研究重点分析的交叉口处非典型冲突情况所需要的车辆运动特性进行了采集,即先用实地观测法获取视频交通数据,用图像截取软件将所录视频转换为一帧帧图片,用视频转换软件将图片中车辆的图像坐标转为实际坐标,依据车辆速度、加速度与其实际坐标的关系求出车辆的速度、加速度等特性。然后,建立了机动车判断运动模型。当机非不发生冲突或机动车将优先占据冲突区时,借用经典的判断方法;当非机动车将优先占据冲突点时,依据调查数据建立了机动车期望速度模型,该模型中机动车会考虑到自身速度、非机动车速度及非机动车与冲突点的距离和非机动车类型等因素,确定一个期望速度,并以一个较低速度穿越非机动车流,迫使非机动车减速或改变路径。同时,建立了基于路径选择的非机动车判断运动模型。该模型认为当机动车占据冲突点时,非机动车驾驶员会依据自身的车辆类型、自身的速度、机动车速度、其预计通过冲突点需要的时间等参数,选择合适的路径通过冲突点。模型采用多项无序Logistic模型形式。最后,针对含有电动自行车的非机动车流在交叉口与右转机动车发生冲突的模型,对道路交叉口机非冲突仿真系统框架进行了设计,包括对右转机动车的判断运动行为仿真系统框架的搭建,以及对非机动车驾驶员为规避冲突而进行的路径选择行为仿真系统框架的搭建。以便达到构建右转机动车与直行非机动车发生冲突后,各自的微观运动行为仿真系统框架的目的。本文创新点为:(1)建立了右转机动车判断运动模型;(2)建立了基于路径选择的非机动车判断运动模型。经典的交通冲突判断大部分是基于让行和优先规则的。本论文基于大量数据调查,建立的机动车的判断运动模型和基于路径选择的非机动车判断运动模型,在有些情况下,更加贴近实际情况,能更加真实的描述交叉口冲突过程。
[Abstract]:The conflict between right-turn vehicle and non-motor vehicle mixed with a large number of electric vehicles will lead to the increase of traffic delay and the decrease of safety. Most of the studies are based on whether motor vehicles can pass through non-motor vehicles. Through actual investigation, this paper finds that at many intersections in China, some motor vehicles will preferentially occupy conflict points even if they are predicted to be in conflict. Many motor vehicles will still run at a lower speed, forcing non-motor vehicles to slow down or change their paths. The phenomena actually investigated do not conform to the basic principles of current conflict research. The main research contents and innovations are as follows: the paper analyzes the motion characteristics of non-motor vehicles at intersections by literature analysis and field investigation. Firstly, the paper adopts the literature collection method to analyze the motion characteristics of non-motor vehicles at intersections. First, the paper uses the literature collection method to analyze the motion characteristics of non-motor vehicles at intersections. The characteristics of non-motor vehicles are analyzed. Including the arrival characteristics of non-motorized vehicles at intersections, the acceleration characteristics of non-motor vehicles when the green light is on, The deceleration characteristics and queue density characteristics of non-motor vehicles under red light or queue are collected by field investigation method. Firstly, the video traffic data are obtained by field observation, and the recorded video is converted into a frame picture with the image capture software, and the image coordinate of the vehicle in the picture is converted into the actual coordinate by the video conversion software, which is based on the vehicle speed. The relationship between acceleration and its actual coordinates is used to find out the characteristics of vehicle speed, acceleration and so on. Then, a motor vehicle motion model is established. When the vehicle does not conflict or the vehicle will occupy the conflict zone first, the classical judgment method is used. When non-motor vehicles will preferentially occupy the conflict point, a motor vehicle expected speed model is established based on the survey data, in which the vehicle takes its own speed into account. Factors such as the speed of non-motor vehicles, the distance between non-motor vehicles and conflict points, and the types of non-motor vehicles, determine a desired speed and pass through non-motor vehicle flows at a lower speed, forcing non-motor vehicles to slow down or change their paths. At the same time, A non-motor vehicle motion model based on path selection is established, which holds that when the vehicle occupies the conflict point, the non-motor vehicle driver will be based on his own vehicle type, his own speed, the vehicle speed, the vehicle speed, and the motor vehicle speed. It is expected to choose the appropriate path to pass through the conflict point through the parameters such as the time required for the conflict point. The model is in the form of a multi-item disordered Logistic model. Finally, Aiming at the model of conflict between non-motor vehicle flow and right-turn vehicle at intersection with electric bicycle, the frame of non-conflict simulation system for road intersection is designed. Including the establishment of the simulation system framework for judging the motion behavior of the right-turn motor vehicle, And build the simulation system framework of path selection behavior of non-motor vehicle drivers to avoid conflict, so as to build right turn vehicle and straight non-motor vehicle conflict, The purpose of their microscopic motion behavior simulation system. The innovation of this paper is to establish the right-turn motor vehicle judging motion model, which is called "1: 1") and the non-motor vehicle judging motion model based on path selection is established. This paper is based on a large number of data surveys. The motor vehicle judging motion model and the non-motor vehicle judging motion model based on path selection, in some cases, are closer to the actual situation and can describe the intersection conflict process more truthfully.
【学位授予单位】：石家庄铁道大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.23

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