考虑碳排放的时变路网多车型城市配送路径优化研究

发布时间：2018-03-30 13:50

本文选题：碳排放　切入点：车辆路径问题　出处：《浙江工商大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着全球变暖现象愈演愈烈,碳排放作为重要原因之一引起了广泛关注。从企业角度看,不管是出于社会责任或是国家政策压力(如中国的碳权交易),考虑低碳运作将是必然之路。交通运输是二氧化碳排放主体之一,车辆路径问题也是最常见最基本的问题,故本文在城市配送的背景下,以碳排放最小化为目标的车辆路径问题为研究对象,考虑速度、载重量、车型等因素,以规划最优配送路线,尤其是交通拥堵的情况,帮助企业实现环境友好型经济发展。综合分析当前考虑碳排放的城市配送路径优化问题的相关研究,并总结已有成果和不足后,本文将速度、载重量、车型作为碳排放影响因素组合。因不同路段速度始终处于变动状态,在构建考虑碳排放的时变路网多车型车辆路径问题模型时将时间区间精细划分,以准确描述碳排放量的变化。除了速度,载重量同样具有动态性。若两需求点之间满载和空载时最短路径相同则最短路径不受载重量影响,故本文采用历史速度事先计算部分不受载重量影响的最短路径,构成最短路径查询表,以规避速度和载重量动态性导致算法运行时间过长。最后采用考虑时间维度的改进Dijkstra算法求解最短路径查询表。以此为基础,若已经确定两需求点间最短路径,直接取最短路径并用改进的禁忌搜索算法求解最优配送路线方案,否则按照相关算法计算最短路径后再求解。最后,以零担快运企业某天的配送任务作为实际应用案例求解验证算法。分析了改进算法的收敛性,并对最短路径查询表的特点进行概况说明。通过算法运行时间对比,本文提出的基于禁忌搜索的改进算法时间消耗上优越性显著,能够满足企业实际应用需求。
[Abstract]:As global warming becomes more and more intense, carbon emissions, as one of the important causes, have attracted wide attention. From the point of view of enterprises, Whether because of social responsibility or national policy pressures (such as China's carbon trading, it is inevitable to consider low-carbon operations. Transport is one of the main carbon dioxide emitters, and vehicle routing is the most common and basic problem. Therefore, in the context of urban distribution, the vehicle routing problem, which aims at minimizing carbon emissions, is considered as an object of study, considering the factors such as speed, load, vehicle type, and so on, in order to plan the optimal distribution route, especially in the case of traffic congestion. To help enterprises achieve environmentally friendly economic development. Comprehensive analysis of the current carbon emissions of urban distribution path optimization research, and summarized the existing achievements and shortcomings, this paper will speed, load, As a combination of factors affecting carbon emissions, vehicle types are divided into fine time intervals when constructing a multi-vehicle routing model with time-varying road network considering carbon emissions, because the speed of different road sections is always in a state of change. To accurately describe changes in carbon emissions. In addition to speed, deadweight is also dynamic. If the shortest path between the two demand points is the same as when there is no load, the shortest path is not affected by deadweight. Therefore, this paper uses historical speed to calculate the shortest path which is not affected by load in advance, and forms the shortest path inquiry table. The running time of the algorithm is too long because of avoiding speed and load dynamics. Finally, an improved Dijkstra algorithm considering time dimension is used to solve the shortest path query table. Based on this, if the shortest path between two demand points has been determined, Take the shortest path directly and use the improved Tabu search algorithm to solve the optimal distribution route scheme, otherwise, calculate the shortest path according to the relevant algorithm. Finally, This paper takes the distribution task of the partial load express enterprise as a practical application case to verify the algorithm. The convergence of the improved algorithm is analyzed, and the characteristics of the shortest path query table are explained. The improved algorithm based on Tabu search is superior in time consumption and can meet the needs of enterprises.
【学位授予单位】：浙江工商大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U492.22

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