城市道路网络交通瓶颈识别研究

发布时间：2018-03-31 06:04

本文选题：城市交通　切入点：交通拥堵　出处：《兰州交通大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：交通拥堵是目前各大小城市面临的城市问题之一,其严重影响着人民的生产生活,扰乱道路交通运行秩序。而引发交通拥堵的源头是交通瓶颈,从交通瓶颈着手研究交通拥堵并提出改善措施,有着很重要的现实意义。本文以道路网交通瓶颈为研究对象,在总结国内外对交通瓶颈研究现状的基础上,以交通瓶颈识别为核心展开详细研究。首先,用经济学方面的理论分析交通拥堵产生的原因,指出道路供需矛盾导致交通拥堵必然发生。分析交通拥堵与交通瓶颈的关系,从道路网结构及交通需求角度讲,拥堵产生的根源是存在交通瓶颈。据此,对交通瓶颈展开研究。给出了交通瓶颈的定义,并按照不同的分类标准对瓶颈进行分类,然后阐述了影响瓶颈产生的静态因素与动态因素,为后续瓶颈识别奠定基础。其次,应用简单实用的服务水平法识别固定交通瓶颈,在确定路网中各个路段和交叉口通行能力的基础上,结合实际道路网中交通量数据,确定各个路段和交叉口的饱和度指标,参照瓶颈识别的判别准则识别瓶颈。以兰州市城关区为例,参考地图等比例绘制城关区路网图,确定各路段和交叉口的服务水平,并在路网图中用不同颜色标记。当服务水平达到D级(红色标记),则认为是一处交通瓶颈,如此识别出城关区路网中存在的交通瓶颈,并确定路段和交叉口在各级服务水平下的分布情况以及瓶颈规模。再次,应用基于最小割集最大流方法识别动态交通瓶颈。创建了基于最大流的瓶颈识别模型以及路段与交叉口通行能力匹配模型,并确定动态瓶颈识别的基本流程以及瓶颈排序方法。考虑到该方法的应用特性,给出了应用计算机实现动态线路瓶颈识别的方法,创建路网数据库以及数据处理流程,结合Ford-Fulkerson标号法完成算法实现。仍以兰州市城关区为例,结合调研数据,从时间维的角度识别出城关区动态线路交通瓶颈,在路网中进行标记,并根据瓶颈识别的先后顺序进行瓶颈排序,图中标记线条越粗的路段,表明瓶颈等级越高,对交通拥堵影响越严重。最后,结合瓶颈识别结果,分析了交通需求与交通瓶颈的深层关系,并提出瓶颈改善策略。通过对交通瓶颈基础分析与研究,其应用方法及所得结论为后续交通拥堵的深层次研究提供一定基础理论参考,同时为兰州市后期与交通规划和管理方面相关的科研与实践提供参考。
[Abstract]:Traffic congestion is one of the urban problems faced by large and small cities, which seriously affects the production and life of the people and disrupts the order of road traffic. The source of traffic congestion is the traffic bottleneck. It is of great practical significance to study traffic jams from traffic bottlenecks and put forward improvement measures. This paper takes road network traffic bottlenecks as the research object and summarizes the current situation of research on traffic bottlenecks at home and abroad. Firstly, using the theory of economics to analyze the causes of traffic congestion, pointing out that the contradiction of road supply and demand will inevitably lead to traffic congestion, and analyzing the relationship between traffic congestion and traffic bottleneck. From the point of view of road network structure and traffic demand, traffic bottleneck is the root of congestion. Based on this, the traffic bottleneck is studied, and the definition of traffic bottleneck is given, and the bottleneck is classified according to different classification standards. Then, the static and dynamic factors that affect the bottleneck are expounded, which lays a foundation for the subsequent bottleneck identification. Secondly, the simple and practical service level method is used to identify the fixed traffic bottleneck. On the basis of determining the capacity of each section and intersection in the road network and combining with the traffic volume data in the actual road network, the saturation index of each section and intersection is determined. Take Chengguan District of Lanzhou City as an example, draw the road network map of Chengguan District with reference to the scale of map, and determine the service level of each section and intersection. When the service level reaches D level, it is considered as a traffic bottleneck. And determine the distribution of road sections and intersections at all levels of service levels and the size of bottlenecks. Again, Based on the method of minimum cut set and maximum flow, the dynamic traffic bottleneck is identified, and the bottleneck identification model based on maximum flow and the matching model of traffic capacity between road and intersection are established. The basic flow of dynamic bottleneck identification and the method of bottleneck sorting are determined. Considering the application characteristics of this method, the method of realizing dynamic line bottleneck identification by computer is given, and the road network database and data processing flow are established. Taking Chengguan District of Lanzhou City as an example and combining the investigation data, the traffic bottleneck of dynamic route in Chengguan District is identified from the angle of time dimension and marked in the road network. According to the sequence of bottleneck identification, bottleneck ranking is carried out. The thicker lines are marked in the map, the higher the bottleneck grade is, the more serious the impact on traffic congestion is. Finally, combined with the bottleneck identification results, This paper analyzes the deep relationship between traffic demand and traffic bottleneck, and puts forward the bottleneck improvement strategy. Through the analysis and research of traffic bottleneck foundation, its application methods and conclusions provide some basic theoretical reference for the further study of traffic congestion. At the same time, it provides reference for the research and practice related to traffic planning and management in the later stage of Lanzhou.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491

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