设置城市路段过街设施行人流量阈值研究

发布时间：2018-04-04 02:44

本文选题：行人过街速度　切入点：临界间隙　出处：《重庆交通大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：在无过街设施路段,行人主要利用车流中较大的间隙过街。文章正是从行人过街利用车流间隙的角度研究行人过街特性、临界间隙及流量阈值,从而为城市路段设置行人过街设施提供参考依据。文章着重以双车道路段为研究对象。首先以无过街设施路段行人利用车辆间隙过街为例,对行人过街临界间隙和过街行人流量阈值作了定义,并从微观和宏观两个层面分析行人过街特性,同时对国内外通用的行人过街设施作了归纳。然后实地调查行人过街速度、行人过街接受间隙和拒绝间隙、行人过街流量、路段车流量、信号周期等资料,由行人过街速度数据和行人步行速度数据分析得出行人过街速度大于行人步行速度。根据行人过街空间需求,建立行人过街动态空间需求模型,并求解行人过街跟随时距。其次介绍了交通流分布特性、间隙接受原理及间隙接受模型,由交通流分布特性和行人过街特性,分别建立行人过街临界间隙均匀分布模型和随机分布模型,代入调查数据,计算行人过街临界间隙,对比分析确定行人过街临界间隙。在此基础上、建立路段过街行人流量阈值模型,从普通路段到城市交叉口路段,分别建立车头时距负指数分布、移位负指数分布,M3分布条件下路段过街行人流量阈值模型,从而建立“理想信号交叉口”控制路段、“普通信号交叉口”控制路段过街行人流量阈值模型。最后用建立的阈值模型计算双车道路段过街行人流量阈值和信号交叉口控制路段过街行人流量阈值,对比分析,说明文章建立的阈值模型具有合理性。为证明模型具有实用性,利用冲突区人车相互冲突关系建立冲突区人——车延误模型,用VISSIM仿真行人过街,分析仿真数据,确定行人过街延误阈值,由延误阈值与行人流量阈值相互印证,从而说明文章建立的阈值模型具有实用性。研究意义,城市路段设不设置行人过街设施,或者设置何种过街行人过街设施,不能仅凭路段车流量大或者过街的行人流量大;而应明确路段车流量与过街行人流量之间相互关系,确定给定车流量条件下路段过街行人流量,以此为依据决定路段是否需要设置行人过街设施。而本文建立的过街行人流量阈值模型主要说明路段车流量与过街行人流量之间的相互关系,进而确定过街行人流量阈值,通过阈值决定路段是否需要设置行人过街设施。
[Abstract]:In no cross-street section, pedestrians mainly use the larger gap in the traffic crossing.In this paper, the characteristics of pedestrian crossing, critical clearance and flow threshold are studied from the point of view of pedestrian crossing using vehicular clearance, so as to provide a reference for setting up pedestrian crossing facilities in urban sections.This paper focuses on two-lane section as the research object.Firstly, taking pedestrian crossing with vehicular clearance as an example, this paper defines the threshold of pedestrian crossing critical clearance and pedestrian flow, and analyzes pedestrian crossing characteristics from micro and macro aspects.At the same time, the common pedestrian crossing facilities at home and abroad are summarized.Then the data of pedestrian crossing speed, pedestrian acceptance gap and rejection gap, pedestrian traffic flow, road traffic flow, signal cycle, etc., were investigated on the spot.Based on the analysis of pedestrian speed data and pedestrian walking speed data, it is found that pedestrian crossing speed is faster than pedestrian walking speed.According to the pedestrian crossing space demand, the pedestrian dynamic space demand model is established, and the pedestrian traversing time interval is solved.Secondly, the characteristics of traffic flow distribution, the principle of gap acceptance and the model of gap acceptance are introduced. According to the characteristics of traffic flow distribution and pedestrian crossing, the uniform distribution model and random distribution model of pedestrian crossing critical gap are established, and the investigation data are substituted.The critical clearance of pedestrian crossing is calculated, and the critical clearance of pedestrian crossing is determined by comparative analysis.On this basis, the threshold model of traffic flow is established. From the ordinary road section to the urban intersection section, the headway distance negative exponential distribution and the shift negative index distribution / M3 distribution are established respectively.Thus, the threshold model of traffic flow is established for "ideal signalized intersection" and "common signalized intersection" for crossing the street.At last, the threshold value of the two-lane section and the signalized intersection control section are calculated by using the established threshold model. The comparison and analysis show that the threshold model established in this paper is reasonable.In order to prove the practicability of the model, the human-vehicle delay model in the conflict zone is established by using the conflict area conflict relationship. The pedestrian crossing is simulated by VISSIM, the simulation data are analyzed, and the threshold of pedestrian crossing delay is determined.The delay threshold and the pedestrian flow threshold are verified, which shows the practicability of the threshold model established in this paper.The significance of the study is that whether or not to set up pedestrian crossing facilities or what kind of pedestrian crossing facilities can not be based on the heavy traffic or the high pedestrian flow.The relationship between traffic flow and pedestrian flow should be defined, and the pedestrian flow should be determined under the condition of given traffic flow, so as to determine whether pedestrian crossing facilities should be set up.The threshold model of pedestrian flow established in this paper mainly explains the relationship between traffic flow and traffic flow, and then determines the threshold of traffic flow, and determines whether pedestrian crossing facilities should be set up.
【学位授予单位】：重庆交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U491

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