交通时空数据处理与交互式可视化平台设计及实现

发布时间：2018-04-04 11:02

本文选题：交通轨迹数据　切入点：数据处理　出处：《兰州交通大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着社会的发展,城市化进程的加快,急剧增多的交通出行导致城市交通拥堵现象日益严重。伴随着相关技术的快速发展,包括浮动车数据在内越来越多的交通数据被收集存储。交通数据具有海量、维度高,包含时间与空间标签等特点,是典型的时空数据,需要合理、高效的分析手段支持才能发现其背后隐含的规律。智能交通的兴起加速了交通数据研究领域的发展,可视化作为数据分析的重要手段逐渐被应用到交通数据研究领域,可直观呈现多维时空轨迹数据,探索发现城市交通运行规律,为城市交通调度和道路建设规划提供决策支持。现有数据可视化解决方案在可视分析交通轨迹数据时存在对技术要求、通用性及可视化效果不能同时兼顾的问题。基于此,本文设计并实现交通时空数据可视化平台,通过统一的数据模式,对多源数据集成、转换、数据清洗及地图匹配,并完成基于交互的任务逻辑设计,平台实现在提高通用性同时可对时空数据分析提供多样化可视化方法。论文的主要内容如下:本文给出数据处理方法。地图数据是地图可视化的基础,本文采用ArcGIS Desktop完成原始地图数据处理过程,为后期分析任务提供可用的地图数据;原始GPS数据存在噪声数据,根据GPS数据的特点制定数据的标准表示方法及数据过滤机制,将原始数据统一化表示并对噪声等问题数据清洗过滤;定位位置与实际运行位置间存在偏差,地图匹配可有效解决此问题,传统匹配算法应用到低频采样浮动车数据时精度较低,基于此本文提出了一种改进的地图匹配算法,采用改进的地图网格划分方法快速确定候选路段集,引入最短路径与轨迹方向信息辅助确定最优匹配路段。结合数据处理过程及时空轨迹数据特点,从功能及属性两个维度分析了平台的需求,确定了不同层次的任务分析模型,采用分层的架构思想设计平台架构,结合需求分析等给出数据导入模块、数据处理模块、数据可视化模块及功能拓展模块四个功能模块的详细设计,为平台实现奠定基础。基于设计基础,实现平台各功能模块功能,包括数据导入模块、数据处理模块、数据可视化模块及功能拓展模块各模块功能,并对系统性能进行测试分析,满足设计要求。
[Abstract]:With the development of society and the acceleration of urbanization, the phenomenon of urban traffic congestion is becoming more and more serious.With the rapid development of related technology, more and more traffic data, including floating vehicle data, are collected and stored.Traffic data is a typical spatio-temporal data with the characteristics of large volume, high dimension, including time and space tags, and it needs reasonable and efficient analysis means to find the hidden law behind it.The rise of intelligent transportation accelerates the development of traffic data research field. As an important means of data analysis, visualization is gradually applied to the field of traffic data research, which can visually present multidimensional space-time trajectory data.This paper explores and finds out the rules of urban traffic operation and provides decision support for urban traffic scheduling and road construction planning.The existing data visualization solutions have some problems such as the technical requirements, generality and visualization effect when analyzing the traffic track data visually.Based on this, this paper designs and implements the traffic space-time data visualization platform, through the unified data pattern, the multi-source data integration, the transformation, the data cleaning and the map matching, and completes the interactive task logic design.The platform can provide a variety of visualization methods for spatiotemporal data analysis.The main contents of this paper are as follows: this paper gives the method of data processing.Map data is the basis of map visualization. In this paper, ArcGIS Desktop is used to complete the processing process of original map data, which provides the available map data for the later analysis task, and the original GPS data has noise data.According to the characteristics of GPS data, the standard representation method of data and the mechanism of data filtering are established, the original data is unified and the noise data is cleaned and filtered, and there is a deviation between the location position and the actual running position.Map matching can solve this problem effectively. The accuracy of traditional matching algorithm is low when it is applied to the low-frequency sampling floating vehicle data. Based on this, an improved map matching algorithm is proposed in this paper.An improved map grid method is used to quickly determine the candidate section set, and the shortest path and trajectory direction information are introduced to help determine the optimal matching section.According to the characteristics of data processing process and space-time track data, this paper analyzes the demand of the platform from the two dimensions of function and attribute, determines the task analysis model of different levels, and designs the platform architecture with the idea of layered architecture.The detailed design of four functional modules, such as data import module, data processing module, data visualization module and function extension module, is given in combination with requirement analysis, which lays a foundation for the realization of the platform.Based on the design foundation, the functions of each functional module of the platform are realized, including the data import module, the data processing module, the data visualization module and the function expansion module. The system performance is tested and analyzed to meet the design requirements.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP311.52;U491

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