高速公路隧道路段驾驶人视觉注意转移规律研究

发布时间：2018-04-10 14:02

本文选题：视觉注意转移 + 聚类分析　；参考：《长安大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,我国高速公路发展迅速,与之相对应的交通事故也是层出不穷。在道路交通安全的领域中,隧道路段的安全状况拥有独特和重要的地位。在隧道路段的驾驶过程中,驾驶人的视觉注视转移与普通道路有着很大的差异性。本文旨在研究驾驶人在驾驶车辆经过隧道过程中,视觉的注视转移规律,希望研究内容对提高隧道路段安全和对驾驶员视觉研究能够有所裨益。本研究在真实环境下进行了实车试验,选取包茂高速陕西段的9个隧道道路作为试验线路,选取三名驾驶人,采用SR Research公司出产的Eye Link II型眼动仪追踪记录驾驶人的眼动行为特征。同时,选用GPS和五轮仪采集坐标、位移和速度等相关数据。在对国内外研究进行回顾和整理的基础上,根据实际情况和数据的聚类分析对隧道路段的驾驶人的视觉注视分布区域进行划分,共八个区域,分别为:前面远方、车内后视镜、左方、正前方、右方、左后视镜、右后视镜、右方、驾驶仪器。基于所采集的数据,结合试验路线特点,分析了驾驶人在隧道的进口段、中间段和出口段的视觉转角转移频次和视觉分布情况,运用马尔可夫链理论分析了注视点在各区域之间的一步和两步转移规律。研究结果表明,驾驶人的视觉注意转移频次在隧道进口段和隧道出口段中,在隧道口有一个短暂的快速上升。在隧道里驾驶人的视觉频次略低于在普通路段。驾驶人的视觉注意转移注视分布大概是正前方前面远方左(右)方左(右)后视镜驾驶仪器车内后视镜。在进口段和出口段驾驶人的左方和右方的视觉分布上升,在隧道中间段的驾驶人前面远方的视觉分布很少。同普通路段相比,隧道路段的正前方的视觉分布略低于普通路段。驾驶人的视觉注意转移概率主要与三个因素有关:一、当前所在区域,最大的转移概率一般是停留在自身区域;二、视觉分布的多少,正前方的视觉分布最多,所以当前区域往正前方的视觉注意转移概率一般较大;三、空间位置的分布,一般来说,跳过某区域,从当前区域跳到空间位置很远区域的概率一般较小,转移到周围区域的概率更大。本论文得到国家自然科学基金项目《驾驶员视觉注意聚焦及转移模式与隧道空间通视性研究》(项目批准号:51308059)的支持。
[Abstract]:In recent years, our country highway develops rapidly, the corresponding traffic accident also appears endlessly.In the field of road traffic safety, tunnel safety has a unique and important position.In the driving process of tunnel section, there is a great difference between the visual gaze shift of the driver and the ordinary road.The purpose of this paper is to study the rules of visual gaze transfer in the course of driving through a tunnel, and hope that the research can be helpful to improve the safety of tunnel section and to study driver's vision.In this study, a real vehicle test was carried out in real environment. Nine tunnel roads in Baomao Expressway Shaanxi Section were selected as the test lines, and three drivers were selected.The Eye Link II eye movement instrument produced by SR Research Company was used to track and record the eye movement behavior of the driver.At the same time, GPS and five-wheel instrument are used to collect coordinate, displacement and velocity.Based on the review and arrangement of the domestic and foreign studies, according to the actual situation and the clustering analysis of the data, the visual gaze distribution area of the driver in the tunnel section is divided into eight regions, which are: the front far away, the rear view mirror inside the vehicle.Left, front, right, left rearview mirror, right rear view mirror, right side, driving instrument.Based on the collected data and the characteristics of the test route, the frequency and distribution of the visual angle transfer of the driver in the inlet, middle and outlet sections of the tunnel are analyzed.Based on Markov chain theory, the one-step and two-step transfer laws of fixation points in different regions are analyzed.The results show that the shift frequency of the driver's visual attention in the entrance and exit of the tunnel has a transient and rapid rise at the entrance of the tunnel.The visual frequency of the driver in the tunnel is slightly lower than that in the normal section.The driver's visual attention shift focus distribution is probably the front of the far left (right) square left (right) rearview mirror driving instrument vehicle rearview mirror.The visual distribution of the left and right side of the driver in the inlet and outlet sections is increased, while that of the driver in the middle section of the tunnel is less than that of the driver in front of the middle section of the tunnel.Compared with the ordinary section, the visual distribution of the front of the tunnel section is slightly lower than that of the ordinary section.The probability of the driver's visual attention transfer is mainly related to three factors: first, the maximum transfer probability of the current region is generally staying in its own region; second, the number of visual distribution, the visual distribution in front of the most,Therefore, the probability of visual attention transfer from the current region to the front of the region is generally high. Thirdly, the distribution of the spatial position, generally speaking, skipping a certain area, jumping from the current region to the far area of the space, is generally less likely.The probability of moving to the surrounding area is greater.This thesis is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (project Grant No.: 51308059).
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.25

【参考文献】