基于车联网的RFID读写器微带天线的研究

发布时间：2018-04-14 14:04

本文选题：整流天线 + 车联网　；参考：《吉林大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：在信息化社会中，无线通信技术作为前沿科技已经无处不在，同时，日新月异的改变着我们日常生活。在物联网通信中，天线作为无线通信技术的入口信号变换器，其设计思路及性能的优劣直接对通信信号的后续处理产生关键性的影响，因此对天线进行深入地研究和设计有着很重要的意义。射频识别技术（RFID）己经被认为是全球无线通信领域的研究热点之一。它具有以下优点：较高的传输精度、较快的读写速度、较好的保密性、较强的环境适应性并且不用人工干预等。通过无线通信，RFID实现了读写信息和自动识别的短信息的迅速传递。现如今在高频和超高频方面，射频识别技术可以完成几米甚至十几米的通信，使它在物联网应用方面，尤其是在车联网应用中的研究和发展越来越成熟。因此，作为一种接收与发送信息的装置，天线在射频识别技术中作用亦显得非常重要。随着车联网的广泛使用和RFID对小型化天线越来越高的要求，微带天线已经大范围的应用，，故不断研究它紧凑的结构、较小的体积、低剖面、易于集成备受关注。本文在分析微带电路设计原理基础上，重点对应用在车联网超高频段的2.45GHz频段的整流天线进行研究。文中讨论了整流天线的接收部分低通滤波器、微波整流电路等各组成部分的电路原理，对其结构和应用进行了深入的分析和研究，然后通过引入微波光子晶体结构天线的工作原理以及主要的设计方法，设计了一款光子晶体结构改进型微带天线，目标是使其尽量小型化，设计还采用了缺陷地式结构完成对微带天线低通特性的改造，完成了2.45GHz低通滤波器特性改进；并采用HFSS软件进行了辅助微波光子晶体结构天线设计实验，确定参数并进行了仿真与优化。经实验测试，该天线的设计指标可以达到4.25dBi的增益，当输入功率为16dBm、负载阻抗为250欧姆时，它的整流效率能达到百分之六十以上。证明此款天线具有较好的通信性能，在能保证天线增益的同时，较普通天线减小了尺寸，满足了车联网RFID终端对天线提高增益，减小尺寸的期望，推进了适应车联网微带天线的实用化的应用进程，保证了该整流天线的整体设计的合理性和实用性。同时，本设计的微带天线还可扩展为多无线通信系统应用，除了车载射频识别系统外，还可以应用于低功耗的无线传感器网络系统以及其它低功耗用电设备。
[Abstract]:In the information society, wireless communication technology as the leading edge technology has been everywhere, at the same time, the daily life is changing with each passing day.In the Internet of things communication, antenna is used as the input signal converter of wireless communication technology. The design idea and performance of antenna have a critical effect on the subsequent processing of the communication signal.So it is very important to study and design the antenna deeply.Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology has been regarded as one of the research hotspots in the field of global wireless communication.It has the following advantages: higher transmission accuracy, faster reading and writing speed, better confidentiality, stronger environmental adaptability and no manual intervention.Through wireless communication RFID, the rapid transmission of read and write information and automatic identification of short message is realized.Nowadays, in the aspect of high frequency and ultra high frequency, radio frequency identification technology can complete the communication of several meters or even more than ten meters, which makes it more and more mature in the application of the Internet of things, especially in the application of the car network.Therefore, as a device to receive and transmit information, antenna plays an important role in RFID technology.With the wide use of vehicle networking and the increasing demand of RFID for miniaturized antennas, microstrip antennas have been widely used. Therefore, the study of compact structure, small volume, low profile and easy integration of microstrip antennas has attracted much attention.On the basis of analyzing the design principle of microstrip circuit, this paper focuses on the research of the rectifier antenna in 2.45GHz band applied in the UHF band of vehicle networking.In this paper, the circuit principle of the receiving part of the low-pass filter and the microwave rectifier circuit of the rectifier antenna is discussed, and its structure and application are deeply analyzed and studied.Then, by introducing the principle of microwave photonic crystal structure antenna and the main design method, a modified photonic crystal structure microstrip antenna is designed, the goal is to make it as small as possible.The low pass characteristic of the microstrip antenna is modified by using the defective ground structure, the characteristic of the 2.45GHz low pass filter is improved, and the design experiment of the microwave photonic crystal structure antenna is carried out with HFSS software.The parameters are determined and simulated and optimized.The experimental results show that the antenna can achieve the gain of 4.25dBi. When the input power is 16dBm and the load impedance is 250ohm, its rectifying efficiency can reach more than 60%.It is proved that the antenna has better communication performance, and the antenna gain can be guaranteed, and the size is smaller than that of the common antenna, which meets the expectation of increasing the antenna gain and reducing the size of the antenna at the RFID terminal in the vehicle network.The practical application process of the microstrip antenna adapted to the vehicle network is promoted, and the rationality and practicability of the overall design of the rectifier antenna are ensured.At the same time, the microstrip antenna designed in this paper can be extended to the application of multi-wireless communication system, in addition to the vehicle radio frequency identification system, it can also be used in low-power wireless sensor network systems and other low-power electric devices.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U495;U463.673;TP391.44

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