旋切辊式除冰装置开发设计研究

发布时间：2018-04-16 00:26

本文选题：旋切辊 + 破冰机　；参考：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在我国东北和西北地区,每年都会有长达5~7个月的降雪期,路面积雪如果不能够及时进行清除,在人踩车轧和外界环境温度的变化下,将会变成坚硬的压实冰雪,大大降低路面的摩擦力,给行人日常出行和道路交通运输带来巨大安全隐患。目前,国内针对压实冰雪清除机械大部分都未安装自动越障的避障机构,很难适应我国复杂多变的道路情况。因此,加强对于具有自动避障功能的道路除冰装置的研究,探索并开发新的压实冰雪清除方案具有十分重要的意义。本文基于压实冰雪力学特性的试验研究,综合国内外除冰雪机械的特点,对旋切辊式除冰雪机理进行了理论探讨和仿真验证。本文的主要研究内容如下:针对自然状态下形成的道路压实冰雪进行试验研究,探究了抗切强度的大小及其影响因素,并且对影响清除效果的粘附强度和抗压强度进行分析整理,为旋切辊式除冰装置的设计提供了力学基础。对旋切辊的结构参数进行了设计,基于旋切辊式除冰机理,对旋切辊转速和破冰机前进速度进行了匹配计算;对破冰刀齿切削压实冰雪过程进行深入研究,分析了压实冰雪碎裂式破坏和整体块状式断裂的破坏形式,计算得到旋切辊在工作过程中的最大切削力和最大抵抗力矩。根据所设计避障系统,对旋切辊的避障过程进行了分析,重点计算了该除冰装置液压系统的液压马达和液压缸的相关参数;利用AMESim仿真平台对该装置液压系统进行仿真,分析了避障工况下液压缸和切削工况下液压马达的压力和流量特性。利用非线性分析程序LS-DYNA对旋切辊单刀切削过程进行了数值模拟,得到了破冰刀齿不同时刻的应力和应变云图,以及压实冰雪内部应力分布情况;并且根据得到的切削过程破冰刀齿的应力变化曲线,验证了压实冰雪的碎裂式破坏和整体块状式断裂的破坏形态;通过改变切削仿真过程中各项参数,探究破冰刀齿应力极值和压实冰雪内部应力值与旋切辊转速和除冰装置前进速度之间的关系。
[Abstract]:In the northeast and northwest regions of China, there is a snowfall period of 5 to 7 months each year. If the snow on the road surface cannot be cleared in time, it will become a hard, compacted ice and snow under the changes of human trampling and ambient temperature.Greatly reduces the road friction, brings the huge safety hidden danger to the pedestrian daily trip and the road transportation.At present, most of the clearing machines for compacted ice and snow are not equipped with automatic obstacle avoidance mechanism, so it is difficult to adapt to the complicated and changeable road conditions in our country.Therefore, it is of great significance to strengthen the research of road deicing device with automatic obstacle avoidance function and to explore and develop a new compacted snow and ice removal scheme.Based on the experimental study of the mechanical properties of compacted ice and snow and the characteristics of the snow and ice removal machinery at home and abroad, the theoretical discussion and simulation of the mechanism of rotary roller removing ice and snow have been carried out in this paper.The main research contents of this paper are as follows: according to the road compaction ice and snow formed under the natural state, the experimental study is carried out, and the magnitude of shear strength and its influencing factors are explored.The adhesion strength and compressive strength which affect the removal effect are analyzed and finished, which provides a mechanical basis for the design of the rotary roller deicing device.The structural parameters of the rotary cutting roller are designed. Based on the deicing mechanism of the rotary cutting roller, the rotation speed of the rotary cutting roll and the advancing speed of the ice breaker are calculated, and the ice and snow compaction process of the ice breaking cutter teeth is deeply studied.The failure modes of compacted ice and snow fragmentation failure and integral block fracture are analyzed, and the maximum cutting force and the maximum resistance moment of the rotary cutting roll are calculated.According to the designed obstacle avoidance system, the obstacle avoidance process of the rotary cutting roller is analyzed, and the parameters of hydraulic motor and cylinder of the hydraulic system of the deicing device are calculated emphatically, and the hydraulic system of the device is simulated by using the AMESim simulation platform.The pressure and flow characteristics of hydraulic cylinder under obstacle avoidance condition and hydraulic motor under cutting condition are analyzed.By using the nonlinear analysis program LS-DYNA, the cutting process of rotary cutting roller is numerically simulated, and the stress and strain cloud diagram at different times and the stress distribution in the compaction ice and snow are obtained.According to the stress change curve of the ice breaking cutter teeth obtained in the cutting process, the fragmentation failure of compacted ice and snow and the failure form of integral block fracture are verified, and the parameters in the cutting simulation process are changed.The relationship between the stress extremum of the ice breaker teeth and the internal stress value of the compacted ice and snow with the rotation speed of the rotary cutting roll and the speed of the deicing device is investigated.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U418.326

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