基于剥夺理论的快速城市化地区公共交通资源配置均衡性研究

发布时间：2018-04-18 04:36

本文选题：交通公平 + 公共交通　；参考：《昆明理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：提高城市公共交通资源供给水平,推进城市公共交通资源均衡配置,能够有效缩小出行群体间出行环境的差异,提高城市交通公平性。随着我国进入快速城市化发展阶段,快速城市化地区的人口规模、人口社会构成和空间分布也随之发生了较大变动,快速城市化地区居民对公共交通服务需求的规模、类型及水平与政府公共交通服务供给及资源配置的数量、种类、分布之间的矛盾日益凸显,已经对居民的出行效率与交通公平造成了严重制约,加剧了对交通弱势群体的交通剥夺与社会排斥。因此,通过对快速城市化地区公共交通资源的配置均衡性进行研究,将有助于促进城市交通的可持续发展、实现社会的公平正义。论文首先对公共交通资源的概念及其特性进行了界定与介绍,解析了公共交通资源配置均衡性的内涵。分析了快速城市化的概念、内涵及表现形式,剖析了快速城市化地区公共交通资源配置存在的问题。对公共交通资源配置均衡性的研究理论基础进行了梳理,主要包括交通公平理论、社会分层与空间分异理论、剥夺与空间剥夺理论。其次,在解析公共交通剥夺内涵及其空间模式的基础上,通过构建公共交通剥夺评价指标体系,利用SPSS因子分析法建立了公共交通剥夺评估模型,并以昆明市呈贡新区为例,获取了公共交通剥夺主因子及其空间分布特征,剖析了快速城市化地区公共交通剥夺的空间分异特征。研究结果发现：呈贡新区的公共交通剥夺情况总体上呈现出“圈层+局部放射”的空间形态：①公共交通剥夺程度从内城核心区向外围地区逐渐增加,呈现出明显的圈层模式；②公共交通剥夺程度由2个核心区向周边地区逐渐增加,呈现出局部放射形态。然后,通过可达性评估方法与空间聚类分析方法构建了公共交通资源配置均衡性评估模型,获取昆明市呈贡新区的公共交通可达性空间格局,评估并表达了公共交通资源在不同区域上的配置均衡性。研究结果发现：昆明市呈贡新区的公共交通可达性整体上呈现出沿轨道交通线路圈层递减扩散的空间格局,交通小区整体可达性在空间上呈现出核心边缘的空间扩散模式；依据空间自相关分析结果,将昆明市呈贡新区划分为公共交通资源配置优越型、配置落后型、配置低谷型3类区域,资源配置优越型区域主要集中在城市化进程较快的城市核心区,资源配置落后型和配置低谷型区域主要分布在城中村及城市外围地区。最后,从空间公平理念出发,以提高快速城市化地区公共交通资源配置均衡性为目标,提出了基于区域剥夺补偿原理的公共交通资源均衡配置策略；同时,在分析底线交通公平内涵及原则的基础上,通过构建公共交通底线公平的测量指标体系,提出了基于底线公平理念下公共交通资源配置均衡性保障策略。
[Abstract]:Improving the supply level of urban public transport resources and promoting the balanced allocation of urban public transport resources can effectively reduce the travel environment differences among travel groups and improve urban traffic fairness.As China enters the stage of rapid urbanization, the population size, population social composition and spatial distribution of rapidly urbanized areas have also changed greatly, and the scale of residents' demand for public transport services in rapidly urbanized areas.The contradiction between type and level and the quantity, type and distribution of government public transportation service supply and resource allocation has become increasingly prominent, which has seriously restricted the travel efficiency and traffic fairness of residents.It intensifies the traffic deprivation and social exclusion of the traffic vulnerable groups.Therefore, it is helpful to promote the sustainable development of urban transportation and realize social equity and justice by studying the equilibrium of public transport resources in rapidly urbanized areas.Firstly, the concept and characteristics of public transport resources are defined and introduced, and the connotation of the equilibrium of public transport resources allocation is analyzed.This paper analyzes the concept, connotation and manifestation of rapid urbanization, and analyzes the problems existing in the allocation of public transport resources in rapidly urbanized areas.The theoretical basis of the study on the equilibrium of public transport resources allocation is summarized, including the theory of traffic equity, the theory of social stratification and spatial differentiation, and the theory of deprivation and spatial deprivation.Secondly, on the basis of analyzing the connotation of public transportation deprivation and its spatial model, by constructing the evaluation index system of public transportation deprivation, using SPSS factor analysis method to establish the evaluation model of public transportation deprivation, and taking Chenggong New District of Kunming as an example,The main factors of public transport deprivation and their spatial distribution characteristics are obtained, and the spatial differentiation characteristics of public transport deprivation in rapidly urbanized areas are analyzed.The results show that the deprivation of public transportation in Chenggong New area generally presents the spatial pattern of "local radiation of ring layer", and the degree of deprivation of public transportation gradually increases from the inner core area to the peripheral area, showing an obvious circle pattern;2 the degree of public transportation deprivation increased gradually from two core areas to the surrounding areas, showing a local radiation pattern.Then, through the methods of accessibility assessment and spatial cluster analysis, the equilibrium evaluation model of public transport resources allocation is constructed, and the spatial pattern of public transport accessibility in Chenggong New District of Kunming City is obtained.The equilibrium of public transport resources in different regions is evaluated and expressed.The results show that: the accessibility of public transportation in Chenggong New District of Kunming presents the spatial pattern of decreasing and diffusing along the rail transit circle on the whole, and the overall accessibility of the transportation district presents the spatial diffusion mode of the core edge in the space;According to the results of spatial autocorrelation analysis, Chenggong New area of Kunming City is divided into three types: superior allocation of public transport resources, backward allocation and low valley.The superior region of resource allocation is mainly concentrated in the urban core area where the process of urbanization is relatively fast, and the backward type of resource allocation and the region of low level are mainly distributed in the villages in city and the periphery of the city.Finally, based on the concept of spatial equity and aiming at improving the equilibrium of public transport resources allocation in rapidly urbanized areas, this paper puts forward a strategy of public transport resources equilibrium allocation based on the principle of regional deprivation and compensation, at the same time,On the basis of analyzing the connotation and principle of bottom line traffic equity, this paper constructs the measurement index system of public transport bottom line fairness, and puts forward a balanced guarantee strategy of public transport resource allocation based on the concept of bottom line equity.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.17

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