城市常规公交停靠站布设模型与算法研究

发布时间：2018-04-21 00:44

  本文选题：公交出行链 + 公交出行特征　； 参考：《吉林大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：进入21世纪,我国的经济水平飞速发展,人均收入情况也节节攀升,城镇化进程也不断加快,人口越来越多的向城镇集中。这种情况下,城市人口的出行范围越来越大,出行的方式更加多样化,导致私家汽车的需求量和持有量迅速膨胀,因此我国现在大多数城市的人口及机动车的数量飞速增长。但是,我国城市道路面积增长速度跟不上人口和机动车的增长步伐,使得城市的交通问题日益突出,如：交通拥堵、交通事故、尾气污染等等。其中,交通拥堵问题已成为阻碍城市的“顽疾”。城市交通拥挤问题的根本解决方法就是优先发展城市公共交通同时改进城市交通结构,优先拓展城市的公共交通能力,逐步提高城市道路资源利用率,进一步实现利用率最大化。本论文通过查阅及分析大量国内外有关于公交出行信息数据的收集、挖掘和应用,公共交通停靠站与道路通行能力的关系,公交停靠站优化方法等方面的研究文献和资料,基于公交IC卡数据构造公交出行链,以公交出行链为研究对象,进行公交出行时空特性分析,提出城市公交系统停靠站布设优化的方法。公交最优停靠站间距的数学模型,再提出站间距修正模型对其进行修正,并在分析各影响因素相互关系的基础上,采用惩罚函数方法求解最优站间距模型。建立了道路通行能力的评估模型,分析了公交停靠站对道路通行能力的影响,结合辽源市公交系统设计了仿真测试方案,以公交线路、停靠站位置及道路情况的基本信息为基础设计了仿真参数,进而进行了公交停靠站对道路通行能力的影响仿真。最后,对仿真结果进行了分析。主要的研究工作如下：第一,采用基于城市公交IC卡系统的出行数据采集方法,提取居民公交出行特征,并对一票制公交IC卡出行过程进行了分析。介绍了国内外IC卡的发展应用以及公交IC卡收费系统,给出了基于IC卡的公交出行数据调查方法,剖析了基于IC卡数据调查方法的优缺点。对IC卡数据平台下的基本出行概念、公交出行数据调查分析、各项出行特征的提取、一票制公交IC卡出行过程进行了深入探讨,并在此基础上给出单一票制下车停靠站及换乘的识别方法。为公交出行链构造及公交出行时空分布特征进行分析奠定基础。第二,基于城市居民出行链构造的分析和研究,对城市路网居民公交出行的时空分布特性进行具体分析。以城市居民公交出行行为为基础,结合基于IC卡系统信息的城市居民出行特征的分析和研究,构造公交出行链。针对公交出行链信息对居民公交出行的时空分布特征进行具体分析,进而为公交设施选址优化以及公交线路调度管理提供必要的数据支持和技术保障。对公交出行时空分布特性的分析主要包括对城市居民公交出行的时间特征以及空间特征研究两个部分,分别针对每一部分所涉及的相关参数计算模型进行构建,并进一步为公交停靠站的优化设置提供可靠的数据支持。第三,建立城市公共交通停靠站布局设计的优化模型来优化公交停靠站的布置问题。首先创建公交最优停靠站间距的数学模型,其目的是在假设的前提条件下使公交乘客的出行总时间达到最短,应用序列无约束极小化技术求解最优站间距；然后根据线路的实际情况,考虑车辆行驶和乘客出行的相关因素对站间距大小的影响,建立站间距修正模型,解出修正值并对最优站间距进行修正,得到符合实际的站间距值。并以辽源市33路公交停靠站为实例进行了模型验证。第四,结合辽源市道路系统和公交系统实例,应用本文建立的公交停靠站布设模型对33路公交线路的停靠站进行布设,确定了各停靠站的具体位置,从而得出各停靠站间的距离、各个停靠站所处的道路环境等基本参数构建仿真环境。结合公交停靠站对道路通行能力影响的评估模型,进行仿真实验,并对仿真结果进行了分析。本论文的研究方法可降低出行数据调查和公交规划过程中数据收集的难度,可丰富城市公共交通规划理论体系,提高城市公交系统的服务水平,促进城市公共交通与其他交通方式的和谐发展,具有较高的理论价值和实际意义。
[Abstract]:In twenty-first Century, the economic level of our country has developed rapidly, the per capita income is also rising, the process of urbanization is speeding up, the population is more and more concentrated in the cities and towns. In this case, the travel scope of urban population is increasing, the way of travel is more diversified, and the demand and holding of private cars are expanding rapidly. The population and the number of motor vehicles in most cities of our country are increasing rapidly. However, the growth rate of Urban Road area can not keep up with the pace of population and motor vehicle growth, which makes the urban traffic problems become increasingly prominent, such as traffic congestion, traffic accidents, exhaust pollution and so on. Among them, traffic congestion has become a hindrance to the city. The fundamental solution to the problem of urban traffic congestion is to give priority to the development of urban public traffic and to improve the urban traffic structure at the same time, to give priority to the public transportation capacity of the city, to gradually improve the utilization rate of urban road resources and to maximize the utilization rate. The collection, mining and application of information data, the relationship between the public traffic stop and road traffic capacity, the optimization method of the bus stop station, and other aspects of the research literature and data, based on the bus IC card data to construct the bus travel chain, take the bus travel chain as the research object, analyze the space-time characteristics of public transit trip, and put forward the city bus system stop. The optimization method of station is set up. The mathematical model of the distance between the best stop station is set up, and then the station spacing correction model is put forward to correct it. On the basis of the analysis of the relationship between the influence factors, the penalty function method is used to solve the optimal station spacing model. The evaluation model of the road traffic energy is established, and the bus stop station is analyzed. The influence of road traffic capacity, the simulation test scheme is designed based on the bus system in Liaoyuan, the simulation parameters are designed based on the basic information of the bus line, the location of the stop station and the road conditions. Then the influence of the bus stop station on the road capacity is simulated. Finally, the simulation results are analyzed. The main research work is done. The following are as follows: first, the travel data acquisition method based on urban bus IC card system is adopted to extract the characteristics of public transport travel, and the trip process of IC card is analyzed. The development and application of IC card at home and abroad as well as the bus IC card charging system are introduced, and the method of bus travel data investigation based on IC card is given, and the basis is analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of the IC card data investigation method. The basic travel concept under IC card data platform, the survey analysis of bus travel data, the extraction of various travel characteristics and the trip process of one ticket public bus IC card are deeply discussed. On this basis, the identification method of the bus stop and transfer for the single ticket system is given. The construction of the bus travel chain is constructed. The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of bus travel are analyzed. Second, based on the analysis and research of urban residents' travel chain structure, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of urban road network residents are analyzed. Based on the urban residents' bus travel behavior, the analysis of urban residents' travel characteristics based on the information of IC card system is analyzed. In this paper, the bus travel chain is constructed. The spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of public transport travel are analyzed in detail, and the necessary data support and technical support are provided for the optimization of public transport facilities and the management of bus route scheduling. The analysis of the distribution of bus travel time and space mainly includes the urban residents Two parts of the time characteristics and spatial characteristics of the travel travel, respectively, for each part of the related parameters calculation model are constructed, and the reliable data support is provided for the optimization of the bus stop. Third, the optimization model of the layout design of the urban public traffic stop station is established to optimize the bus stop station. First, the mathematical model of the distance between the bus optimal stop stations is created. The purpose is to make the travel time of the bus passengers reach the shortest total time under the assumption condition, and to solve the optimal station spacing with the unconstrained minimization technique of the application sequence. Then, according to the actual situation of the line, the related factors of the vehicle travel and the passenger travel are considered. The station spacing correction model is established, the correction value is solved and the optimal station spacing is corrected to get the actual station spacing value. The model verification is carried out with the example of Liaoyuan 33 road bus stop station. Fourth, combined with the example of the road system and the public intersection system in Liaoyuan, the bus stop station established in this paper is applied. The layout model sets up the stop station of 33 road bus lines, determines the specific location of each stop station, thus draws the simulation environment of the distance between each stop, the road environment and other basic parameters of each stop station, and combines the evaluation model of the road capacity impact on the bus stop station, and carries out the simulation experiment and the simulation junction. The research method of this paper can reduce the difficulty of data collection in the process of travel data investigation and bus planning. It can enrich the theory system of urban public transportation planning, improve the service level of urban public transport system, promote the harmonious development of urban public transportation and other modes of transportation, and have high theoretical value and practice. Significance.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.17
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本文编号：1780208