基于元胞自动机的公交停靠行为仿真分析

发布时间：2018-04-24 23:38

本文选题：公交停靠 + 交通流影响　；参考：《长安大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着城市化进程的不断加速,各大城市机动车保有量激增,交通压力日益严峻,常规公交作为缓解城市交通问题的有效手段之一,得到城市管理者的重视。常规公交网络中,公交停靠站作为重要的网络节点,不仅影响到公交服务效率,还制约着路段交通流的正常运行。公交车辆需要在停靠站停靠完成乘客的运输,造成公交车与其他社会车辆间的相互干扰,影响停靠站路段的交通流运行。可见,有必要对城市公交停靠行为进行细致的分析,通过构建贴合实际情况的公交停靠模型,研究公交停靠行为对路段交通流的影响。这对于提高路段交通运行效率,缓解路网拥堵有着重要意义。本文首先综述了国内外有关公交运行、停靠模型、对路段交通流影响的研究成果,为论文奠定理论基础;在国内外文献综述的基础上,从公交停靠对路段交通流运行特性影响分析出发,描述了公交停靠的微观过程,定性分析路段交通流运行的影响因素。其次,选取福州市、西安市交通量较大的港湾式、直线式停靠站作为研究对象,从停靠站所在路段交通量Q、流速V、交通流中公交车辆比例rb、停靠公交比例rbus、停靠时间Tbus分布、乘客乘降时间Tcj分布、停靠延误Tyw分布等方面对公交停靠行为的特征数据进行收集分析。再次,采用元胞自动机构建公交停靠模型,以单路多通道排队理论作为公交停靠规则,结合调研数据,确定模型参数取值区间,对构建的公交停靠模型进行可靠性校验及参数校核。通过MATLAB编程分别实现直线式、港湾式停靠站模型仿真,研究分析公交停靠行为中到达频率、停靠时长、停靠车辆间相互影响程度对路段交通流的影响。最后,基于仿真所得结果,提出“停靠线路调整”、“设置主-辅公交停靠站”等措施以降低公交停靠对路段交通流的影响,通过改进港湾式公交停靠仿真模型,定量分析改善措施的实施效果,结果表明:①对于港湾式公交停靠站,在路段公交线路数量分配上,应尽可能使交通流中公交车辆的比例不高于7%,从而减少停靠站排队溢出现象;②当路段交通流中公交车辆比例超过8%的情况下,通过设置港湾式主-辅公交站,可有效的降低公交停靠延误。
[Abstract]:With the accelerating process of urbanization, the number of motor vehicles in major cities is increasing rapidly, and the traffic pressure is becoming increasingly severe. As one of the effective means to alleviate urban traffic problems, bus routine has been attached great importance to by city managers. As an important network node, bus stop not only affects the efficiency of bus service, but also restricts the normal operation of road traffic flow. Public transport vehicles need to stop at the stop to complete the transportation of passengers, which results in the mutual interference between buses and other social vehicles, and affects the traffic flow of the stop sections. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a detailed analysis on the behavior of bus stop in the city, and to study the effect of the behavior of bus stop on the traffic flow through the construction of a model of bus stop in accordance with the actual situation. It is of great significance to improve the traffic efficiency and alleviate the congestion of road network. This paper first summarizes the domestic and foreign research results of public transport operation, parking models and the impact of road traffic flow, which lays a theoretical foundation for the paper; on the basis of literature review at home and abroad, Based on the analysis of the influence of bus stops on the traffic flow characteristics of road sections, this paper describes the microscopic process of bus stops, and qualitatively analyzes the influencing factors of traffic flow operation on road sections. Secondly, select the port type and straight line stop station of Fuzhou and Xi'an city as the research object, from the traffic volume Q, the flow velocity V, the proportion of public transport vehicle in the traffic flow, the proportion of bus stop to the bus, the Tbus distribution of stopping time, the traffic volume, the velocity of traffic, the proportion of bus in traffic flow, the proportion of bus stop and the Tbus distribution of stopping time, The characteristic data of bus stop behavior are collected and analyzed in the aspects of passenger time Tcj distribution, delay Tyw distribution and so on. Thirdly, using cellular automata to construct the bus stopping model, taking the single channel queuing theory as the bus stopping rules, combining the investigation data, the model parameters are determined to take value interval. The reliability and parameters of the bus stop model are verified. Through the MATLAB programming to realize the model simulation of the straight-line station and the harbor station, the influence of the arrival frequency, the length of the stop time and the degree of the interaction between the vehicles on the traffic flow in the public transportation is studied and analyzed. Finally, based on the simulation results, some measures, such as "adjusting the stop line" and "setting up the main and auxiliary bus stop", are put forward to reduce the influence of the bus stop on the traffic flow on the road section, and the simulation model of the port bus stop is improved. The result of quantitative analysis of the effect of the improvement measures shows that for the port bus stop, the number of public transport lines on the section of the section is allocated in the proportion of the number of bus lines in the section. The proportion of public transport vehicles in traffic flow should not be higher than 7%, so as to reduce the queue overflow phenomenon of stop stop. When the proportion of public transport vehicles in traffic flow of section of road is more than 8%, by setting up the main auxiliary bus station of harbor type, It can effectively reduce the delay of bus stop.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.17

【参考文献】