某结合梁斜拉桥钢梁焊接变形控制技术研究

发布时间：2018-04-25 07:26

本文选题：斜拉桥钢梁焊接变形控制技术 + 刚性加固法　；参考：《石家庄铁道大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着我国钢桥建设事业的蓬勃发展,越来越多的机构和学者投入到焊接变形的研究工作中并发表了一系列相关的理论和成果。但与整个钢桥建设的发展速度相比,仍有各方面的不足,主要表现在理论与实际联系较少、科研单位侧重于数值模拟和理论计算、所得成果多是在理想理论状态下获得的,而实际生产中影响焊接变形的因素很多。因此,理论研究成功与实际生产总是有相当的偏差;而生产企业由于每个行业、企业装备化水平不同、操作人员水平参差不齐、工艺传统各有侧重等,焊接变形的预测及控制大多凭实际经验估计,没有形成系统的体系,不具有普遍意义。由于钢材具有强度高、自重轻、低碳环保等特点,因此,在桥梁建设中越来越多的采用钢结构,而且桥梁设计理论水平及冶金技术的不断进步,所使用的钢材强度也越来越高,厚度越来越大,同时焊接方法和焊接设备不断更新,也直接促进了钢桥制造行业水平的整体提升。而如何有效的预测及控制焊接变形,保证焊接质量及钢构件制造精度,一直以来是研究人员关注的焦点。本文结合实际工程,对高强度厚钢板焊接变形结果进行统计分析,并通过实测和理论计算的方法进行对比总结,同时提出了控制焊接变形的一系列工艺措施,具有较高的实际意义及一定的应用价值。针对本项目钢梁特点,结合我国钢桥发展的特点和趋势,在本项目钢梁生产制造过程中选取有针对性的板厚、焊接接头类型的构件,对其焊接前、后的状态进行测量,并归纳分析。同时采取理论计算的方法计算出同类型钢板、焊接接头焊接变形量,与实测数据进行对比分析,总结出其焊接变形趋势及规律。同时提出在各个阶段如何控制及减少焊接变形,减少矫正工作量,保证焊接质量及构件几何精度,为其他工程钢梁生产提供经验。本文研究的重点有:(1)在生产过程中经过大量的数据采集,总结实际生产中的焊接变形趋势,并进行分析整理,提出一定工艺参数及焊接环境下钢板的焊接变形趋势。(2)经过理论计算,得出钢板焊接变形量;(3)进行理论计算与试验数据的对比,总结其异同,并提出各个阶段控制及减小焊接变形的措施、方法,以便更好的指导实际生产。在设计阶段采用合理可行的设计标准,设计适当的焊缝,既满足受力及安全要求,同时又避免过大的焊缝及熔深造成的难以矫正的焊接变形;在制造阶段选取科学合理的焊接工艺参数和合理的坡口形式,采用恰当的焊接顺序,并采用刚性加固法、预变形法、机械矫正法、火焰矫正法等措施控制及减小焊接变形。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of steel bridge construction in China, more and more institutions and scholars have put into the research work of welding deformation and published a series of related theories and achievements. However, compared with the development speed of the whole steel bridge construction, there are still some shortcomings in various aspects, which are mainly reflected in the lack of theoretical and practical connection, the emphasis of scientific research units on numerical simulation and theoretical calculation, and the results obtained in the ideal theoretical state. There are many factors that affect welding deformation in actual production. Therefore, there is always a considerable deviation between the success of theoretical research and actual production. However, for each industry, the level of equipment of the enterprise is different, the level of the operator is not uniform, the process tradition has its own emphasis, etc. The prediction and control of welding deformation are mostly estimated by practical experience, and there is no systematic system, so it is not of universal significance. Because steel has the characteristics of high strength, light weight, low carbon environmental protection and so on, more and more steel structures are used in bridge construction, and the strength of steel used in bridge design and metallurgical technology is getting higher and higher with the development of bridge design theory and metallurgical technology. The thicker and thicker the welding method and welding equipment are, the higher the level of steel bridge manufacturing industry is. How to effectively predict and control welding deformation and ensure welding quality and manufacturing accuracy of steel members has always been the focus of attention of researchers. In this paper, the results of welding deformation of high strength and thick steel plate are statistically analyzed and compared with theoretical calculation methods, and a series of technological measures to control welding deformation are put forward. It has high practical significance and certain application value. According to the characteristics of the steel beam of the project, combined with the characteristics and trends of the steel bridge development in our country, in the process of production and manufacture of the steel beam of this project, the members of the plate thickness and welded joint type are selected, and the state of the steel beam before and after welding is measured. And inductive analysis. At the same time, the method of theoretical calculation is adopted to calculate the welding deformation of the same type steel plate and welded joint, and the welding deformation trend and law are summarized by comparing with the measured data. At the same time, how to control and reduce the welding deformation, reduce the workload of correction, ensure the welding quality and geometric accuracy of the components in each stage, and provide experience for other engineering steel beam production. In this paper, the focus of the research is: (1) after a lot of data collection in the production process, the trend of welding deformation in actual production is summarized, and the trend of welding deformation is analyzed and sorted out. The welding deformation trend of steel plate under certain technological parameters and welding environment is put forward. After theoretical calculation, it is concluded that the welding deformation of steel plate is calculated and compared with the experimental data, and the similarities and differences are summarized. The measures of controlling and reducing welding deformation in each stage are put forward, so as to guide the actual production better. The reasonable and feasible design standard is adopted in the design stage, and the proper welding seam is designed, which not only meets the requirements of force and safety, but also avoids the difficult to correct welding deformation caused by excessive weld seam and penetration depth. In the manufacturing stage, scientific and reasonable welding process parameters and rational groove form are selected, proper welding sequence is adopted, rigid reinforcement method, predeformation method, mechanical correction method and flame correction method are adopted to control and reduce welding deformation.
【学位授予单位】：石家庄铁道大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U445.583

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