三维激光扫描技术在隧道工程测量中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-04-25 15:48

本文选题：隧道三维激光扫描 + 点云配准　；参考：《长江科学院》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近些年来,三维激光扫描技术不断发展,已经广泛的应用到各行各业中。随着轨道交通项目的建设,越来越多的隧道工程项目开工。隧道工程中需要进行断面测量,超欠挖和开挖量测量计算,过去经常使用的仪器为断面仪,全站仪,这些方法效率低下,需要大量的时间和人力。将三维激光扫描仪技术运用到隧道工程中,对隧道进行扫描并建立三维模型,其精确度和效率都很有大幅度提升。本文从三维激光扫描仪在隧道工程中的应用出发,主要研究了隧道测量中点云的配准问题和工程应用。(1)研究分析了扫描仪扫描前的校验方法;针对隧道三维测量中影响扫描作业精度的主要因素,提出了减少扫描误差的措施,研究提出了隧道三维扫描测站布置优化方法;同时还分析了洞室环境、天气等因素对隧道三维扫描进度的影响等。(2)研究了三维激光扫描方法如何在隧道等狭小空间和施工期洞室复杂环境中提高点云数据的配准精度的方法,设计了8种点云配准方案,并逐一进行计算,验证了基于全局控制的配准方法在点云配准中的优越性。(3)给出了三维激光扫描技术应用于隧道工程中的技术方案,结合具体工程建立了三维模型图、断面图,计算了断面超挖量、欠挖量和开挖量,验证了三维激光扫描仪的隧道工程测量中是可行的。
[Abstract]:In recent years, 3D laser scanning technology has been developed, has been widely used in various industries. With the construction of rail transit project, more and more tunnel projects start. In tunnel engineering, it is necessary to carry out cross-section survey, over-excavation and excavation measurement and calculation. In the past, the instruments often used are section meters and total station instruments. These methods are inefficient and require a lot of time and manpower. The 3D laser scanner technology is applied to tunnel engineering. The accuracy and efficiency of the 3D laser scanner are greatly improved by scanning the tunnel and establishing the 3D model. Based on the application of 3D laser scanner in tunnel engineering, this paper mainly studies the registration problem of point cloud in tunnel survey and the engineering application. Aiming at the main factors that affect the precision of scanning operation in tunnel 3D survey, the measures to reduce the scanning error are put forward, and the optimization method of tunnel 3D scanning station layout is proposed, and the tunnel environment is also analyzed. The influence of weather and other factors on the 3D scanning progress of tunnel is studied. The method of 3D laser scanning is studied how to improve the registration accuracy of point cloud data in the small space such as tunnel and the complicated environment of the tunnel during the construction period. Eight point cloud registration schemes are designed and calculated one by one. The superiority of the registration method based on global control in point cloud registration is verified. Combined with the concrete project, the 3D model diagram and section diagram are established, and the overdigging, underdigging and excavation of the section are calculated, which verifies the feasibility of the 3D laser scanner in the tunnel engineering survey.
【学位授予单位】：长江科学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U452.1

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