基于视疲劳抑制和视敏度提高的隧道照明光源优化研究

发布时间：2018-04-26 13:25

本文选题：隧道照明 + 司辰视觉　；参考：《北京交通大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：近些年来,不断发展的经济对交通网密集度和道路安全建设提出了更高的要求。公路隧道作为道路交通中很重要的一部分,人们对其建设与运营的关注度也日益提升。由于隧道的特殊结构,在隧道的出入口分别有“白洞效应”和“黑洞效应”,此外,在道路照明过程中还会出现“频闪效应”和“斑马效应”等,严重影响驾驶员的安全驾驶。同时,数据调查显示,疲劳驾驶已经成为造成交通事故的最大元凶之一,且人感受到的外界信息有80%以上是来自于视觉。基于以上方面考虑,本文对在隧道照明环境下,照明光源对人眼视疲劳和视敏度的影响进行了模拟研究,开展了以下工作：首先,本文对常用照明光源的发光机理及优缺点进行了整合分析,通过分析可得在照明效果方面LED灯具有极大的优势。所以,本课题选用了隧道照明常用的高压钠灯和高、中、低三种色温的LED灯进行照明效果研究；由于隧道的照明环境亮度是处于中间视觉的状态下,所以本课题在照明效果评价方法中选用了视觉功效法进行研究。然后,提出人眼光生物效应作为实验的理论基础,分析了人眼光生物效应的机理。研究表明,人眼存在着除明视觉和暗视觉以外的第三种视觉效应——司辰视觉。司辰视觉是特指可见光线通过人眼视网膜感光细胞而进一步对人体产生相关的生物效应,如控制人的生理参数、影响人的生理节律等的现象。研究表明,司辰视觉的光视效率函数的波峰处于短波区,对460nm左右的光线最为敏感。最后,本文从安全性的角度,从现有的照明条件及技术出发,通过暗室内模拟隧道交通环境,分别选用高压钠灯和高(色温4765K)、中(色温4054K)、低(色温3177K)三种色温的白光LED通过控制变量的方法分组实验,探究不同光源照射下人眼视疲劳和视敏度的情况。结果显示,高色温LED灯具在以上两个方面的实验中表现出了更高的闪光融合频率指数和更低的瞳孔直径指数,根据闪光融合频率指数与视疲劳的反比关系以及孔瞳孔直径指数与视敏度的反比关系,高色温LED灯具表现出了更为优良的照明性能,即在同等亮度下不仅可以减轻人眼的疲劳度,而且可以提高驾驶员的视敏度。同时,本文运用等效亮度计算公式计算了四种光源的等效亮度,计算结果显示,高色温LED灯具在司辰视觉情况下的等效亮度为605cd/m2,明显高于其他光源,验证了实验结论的正确性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the continuous development of the economy has put forward higher requirements for traffic network density and road safety construction. Highway tunnel as an important part of road traffic, people pay more attention to its construction and operation. Because of the special structure of the tunnel, there are "white hole effect" and "black hole effect" at the entrance and exit of the tunnel respectively. In addition, "stroboscopic effect" and "zebra effect" will also appear in the course of road lighting, which seriously affects the driver's safe driving. At the same time, the data survey shows that fatigue driving has become one of the biggest culprits in traffic accidents, and more than 80% of the external information that people feel comes from vision. Based on the above considerations, the effects of lighting sources on human visual fatigue and visual acuity in tunnel lighting environment are simulated and studied. The following works are carried out: first of all, In this paper, the luminescence mechanism, advantages and disadvantages of common lighting sources are analyzed. It is concluded that LED lamps have great advantages in lighting effect. Therefore, this topic chooses the high-pressure sodium lamp and the LED lamp with high, middle and low color temperature, which are commonly used in tunnel lighting, to study the lighting effect. Because the lighting environment brightness of tunnel is in the state of intermediate vision, Therefore, the visual efficacy method is selected in the evaluation method of lighting effect. Then, the biological effect of human vision is proposed as the theoretical basis of the experiment, and the mechanism of the biological effect of human eye is analyzed. The study shows that there is a third visual effect in human eyes, except bright vision and dark vision. Stochenne vision refers to the phenomenon that visible light can further produce biological effects on human body through human retinal photoreceptor cells, such as controlling human physiological parameters and affecting human physiological rhythm and so on. The results show that the peak of the optical efficiency function of Sten vision is in the short wave region and is most sensitive to the light around 460nm. Finally, from the point of view of safety, starting from the existing lighting conditions and technologies, the tunnel traffic environment is simulated in the dark room. Three kinds of white LED with high pressure sodium lamp and high color temperature (color temperature 4765 KT, medium color temperature 4054 KT, low color temperature 3177K) were selected to study the visual fatigue and visual acuity of human eyes under different light sources by the method of controlling variables. The results showed that high color temperature LED lamps showed higher flash fusion frequency index and lower pupil diameter index. According to the inverse ratio between flash fusion frequency index and visual fatigue and the inverse ratio between pupil diameter index and visual acuity, high color temperature LED lamps exhibit better lighting performance. That is, under the same brightness, not only can reduce the fatigue of human eyes, but also can improve the driver's visual acuity. At the same time, the equivalent luminance of four light sources is calculated by using the formula of equivalent luminance. The results show that the equivalent brightness of LED lamps with high color temperature is 605cd/ m2, which is obviously higher than that of other light sources, which verifies the correctness of the experimental results.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：U453.7

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